Descriptive study of the alterations in neuroimaging tests in patients with headache in an outpatient setting
*Correspondencia: Dr. Gabriel García-Alcántara. Servicio de Neurología. Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal. Carretera de Colmenar Viejo km 9,100. E-28034 Madrid.
E-mail: gabriel.garcia@salud.madrid.org
Introduction: Available studies provide limited guidance on the use of neuroimaging in patients with headache in the outpatient setting. The aim of this study was to describe and analyse the frequency and the percentage of neuroimaging abnormalities in patients evaluated for headache in a neurology clinic, as well as to determine which red flags are most commonly associated with these abnormalities.
Patients and methods: We conducted an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study of a series of patients with headache from the neurology department of the Hospital Universitario de Mostoles who underwent a neuroimaging test.
Results: A total of 279 patients (190 women and 89 men) were included in the study. No patient without any red flags had severe abnormalities in the neuroimaging study and, of those with red flags (219 patients), only 2.3% (five patients) displayed severe abnormalities. The two red flags that were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of severe neuroimaging abnormalities were headache that is triggered or significantly worsened by postural changes or Valsalva manoeuvres and chronic daily headache since onset.
Conclusions: The prevalence of significant neuroimaging abnormalities in headache patients in an outpatient setting was low, even in the presence of red flags, and so their utility appears to be lower in an outpatient setting. It may be reasonable to try to reduce the use of neuroimaging with headache patients in the outpatient setting.
Pacientes y métodos Realizamos un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal de una serie de pacientes con cefalea de la consulta de neurología del Hospital Universitario de Móstoles a los que se les realizó una prueba de neuroimagen.
Resultados Se incluyó a 279 pacientes en el estudio (190 mujeres y 89 hombres). Ningún paciente sin datos de alarma clínicos presentó alteraciones graves en la neuroimagen y, de los que presentaban datos de alarma clínicos (219 pacientes), sólo el 2,3% (cinco pacientes) presentó alteraciones graves. Los dos datos de alarma clínicos que se asociaron de forma significativa a una mayor probabilidad de alteraciones graves en la neuroimagen fueron la cefalea que se desencadena o empeora significativamente con cambios posturales o maniobras de Valsalva y la cefalea crónica diaria desde su inicio.
Conclusiones La prevalencia de alteraciones significativas en neuroimagen en pacientes con cefalea en un ámbito ambulatorio fue baja, incluso en presencia de datos de alarma clínicos, por lo que la utilidad de estos datos de alarma parece ser menor en un contexto ambulatorio. Podría ser razonable intentar reducir el uso de la neuroimagen en pacientes con cefalea en el ámbito ambulatorio.