Tabla. Clasificación de los deportes según el riesgo. |
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Riesgo |
Deportes |
|
Grupo 1 |
No adicional |
Atletismo (excepto los deportes del grupo 2) |
Bolos |
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Deportes de contacto, como judo y lucha |
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Deportes en equipo con balón, como baloncesto, voleibol y rugby |
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Deportes con raqueta, como squash, tenis y tenis de mesa |
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Criquet |
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Hockey sobre patines/hierba |
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Baile |
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Golf |
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Grupo 2 |
Moderado |
Esquí alpino |
Tiro con arco |
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Atletismo: salto con pértiga |
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Biatlón, triatlón y pentatlón moderno |
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Deportes acuáticos (excepto los del grupo 3): natación, esquí acuático, piragüismo |
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Deportes de contacto que pueden implicar lesión grave: boxeo, kárate |
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Ciclismo |
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Esgrima |
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Gimnasia |
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Equitación, eventos ecuestres olímpicos e hípica |
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Hockey sobre hielo |
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Tiro |
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Patinaje sobre ruedas y patinaje sobre hielo |
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Levantamiento de pesas |
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Grupo 3 |
Alto |
Aviación, paracaidismo y similares |
Escalada |
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Deportes acuáticos: saltos de trampolín, buceo, vela, surf, windsurf |
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Carreras de caballos y rodeo |
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Deportes motorizados |
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Saltos de esquí |
Exercise as a therapeutic strategy in epilepsy: a literature review Introduction. Epilepsy is a common neurologic disease with emotional and physical consequences. Thirty percent of patients have drug-resistant epilepsy, therefore adjuvant non-pharmacological therapies, such as physical activity, have been proposed. Aim. This study reviews the literature about physical activity in people with epilepsy, to evaluate the benefits, potential side effects, impact on comorbidities, the risk classification of sports, and the barriers to their practice. Development. Multiple animal and human models evaluate the benefits of exercise in epilepsy, explained by modulation on neurotransmitters, hormones, and neurotrophic factors. Furthermore, exercise demonstrates positive impact on comorbidities such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, depression, and osteoporosis. Despite being a practice that has been shown to be safe, people with epilepsy are less physically active due to barriers that limit their practice. Conclusions. Physical activity is beneficial and safe for people with epilepsy. Literature suggests better control of seizures, psychosocial benefits, and improvements on the comorbidities. There is a low risk of injury associated. Exercise should be promoted after a careful clinical evaluation, considering seizure control in the last year, potential triggering factors and the sport chosen. Key words. Barriers. Epilepsy. Obesity. Physical activity. Physical exercise. Sports. |