Tabla I. Características clínicas y demográficas de los pacientes con SGB en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía. |
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Pacientes con SGB n = 42 |
Pacientes con SGB n = 45 |
Valor de p |
|
Edad (años) ± DE |
46 ± 17,4 |
44,9 ± 19,4 |
0,79 |
Sexo masculino, n (%) |
27 (64,2) |
30 (66,6) |
0,82 |
Hipertensión, n (%) |
2 (4,7) |
1 (2,2) |
0,6 |
Obesidad/sobrepeso, n (%) |
18 (42,8) |
25 (55,5) |
0,28 |
Antecedente de infección, n (%) |
19 (45,2) |
33 (73,3) |
0,005 |
Infección respiratoria previa, n (%) |
6 (14,2) |
15 (33,3) |
0,045 |
Infección gastrointestinal previa, n (%) |
13 (31) |
18 (40) |
0,37 |
Puntuación del MRC en la admisión ± DE |
33,1 ± 17,8 |
30,8 ± 17,6 |
0,54 |
GDS ≥ 3, n (%) |
30 (71,4) |
35 (77,7) |
0,62 |
Afectación de los nervios del cráneo |
29 (69) |
22 (48,8) |
0,13 |
Nervio facial, n (%) |
24 (57,1) |
18 (40) |
0,045 |
Nervios oculares, n (%) |
12 (28,5) |
8 (17,7) |
0,31 |
Nervios bulbares, n (%) |
24 (57,1) |
13 (28,8) |
0,018 |
Disfunción autonómica, n (%) |
11 (26,1) |
13 (28,8) |
0,81 |
Requerimiento de VMI |
13 (30,9) |
15 (33,3) |
>0,99 |
Variantes electrofisiológicas del SGB: |
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PDIA, n (%) |
15/28 (53,5) |
17/43 (39,5) |
0,33 |
Axonal, n (%) |
12/28 (42,8) |
21/43 (48,8) |
0,62 |
Equívoco, n (%) |
1/28 (3,6) |
2/43 (4,6) |
>0,99 |
Inexcitable, n (%) |
0/27 (0) |
2/43 (4,6) |
0,14 |
Disociación albuminocitológica, n (%) |
24/35 (68,5%) |
12/32 (37,5) |
0,01 |
Tratamiento: |
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Conservador, n (%) |
11 (26,1) |
9 (20) |
0,16 |
IgIV, n (%) |
20 (47,6) |
30 (66,6) |
|
PE, n (%) |
11 (26,1) |
6 (13,3) |
|
DE: desviación estándar; GDS: Guillain-Barré Disability Score; IgIV: inmunoglobulina intravenosa; MRC: Medical Research Council; PDIA: polineuropatía desmielinizante inflamatoria aguda; PE: plasmaféresis extracorpórea; SGB: síndrome de Guillain-Barré; VMI: ventilación mecánica invasiva. |
Tabla II. Características clínicas, demográficas y electrofisiológicas de pacientes con SGB y SGB asociado al SARS-CoV-2. |
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Sin SARS-CoV-2 n = 35 |
Con SARS-CoV-2 n = 7 |
Valor de p |
|
Edad (años) ± DE |
44,5 ± 18,3 |
43,4 ± 13,4 |
0,86 |
Sexo masculino, n (%) |
23 (65,7) |
4 (57,1) |
0,68 |
Obesidad/sobrepreso, n (%) |
12 (34,2) |
1 (14,2) |
0,03 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) |
1 (2,8) |
1 (14,2) |
0,41 |
Hipertensión, n (%) |
2 (5,7) |
1 (14,2) |
0,43 |
Antecedente de infección, n (%) |
13 (37,1) |
3 (42,8) |
0,41 |
Infección respiratoria previa, n (%) |
3 (8,5) |
3 (42,8) |
0,04 |
Infección gastrointestinal previa, n (%) |
10 (28,5) |
0 (0) |
0,16 |
Puntuación del MRC en la admisión ± DE |
34,7 ± 16,9 |
32,8 ± 17,8 |
0,75 |
GDS ≥ 3, n (%) |
24 (68,5) |
6 (85,7) |
0,65 |
Afectación de los nervios del cráneo |
23 (65,7) |
4 (57,1) |
0,68 |
Nervio facial, n (%) |
18 (51,4) |
4 (57,1) |
> 0,99 |
Nervios oculares, n (%) |
11 (31,4) |
0 (0) |
0,16 |
Nervios bulbares, n (%) |
19 (54,2) |
4 (57,1) |
> 0,99 |
Disfunción autonómica, n (%) |
9 (25,7) |
2 (28,5) |
> 0,99 |
Requerimiento de VMI |
11 (31,4) |
2 (28,5) |
> 0,99 |
Variantes clínicas del SGB: |
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Sensomotora, n (%) |
25 (71,4) |
5 (71,4) |
> 0,99 |
Motora pura, n (%) |
5 (14,2) |
2 (28,5) |
0,57 |
Síndrome de Miller-Fisher/ síndrome mixto del tejido conjuntivo, n (%) |
4 (11,4) |
0 (0) |
> 0,99 |
Variantes electrofisiológicas del SGB: |
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PDIA, n (%) |
12/23 (52,1) |
2/4 (50) |
> 0,99 |
AMAN, n (%) |
8/23 (34,7) |
1/4 (25) |
> 0,99 |
AMSAN, n (%) |
2/23 (8,6) |
1/4 (25) |
0,39 |
Equívoco, n (%) |
1/23 (4,3) |
0/5 (0) |
> 0,99 |
Disociación albuminocitológica, n (%) |
20/30 (66,6) |
4/5 (80) |
0,19 |
Proteínas (mg/dL), mediana (RIC) |
49 (32,5-91,5) |
68 (42,5-79) |
0,43 |
Tratamiento: |
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Conservador, n (%) |
9 (25,7) |
2 (28,5) |
0,96 |
IgIV, n (%) |
17 (48,5) |
3 (42,8) |
|
PE, n (%) |
9 (25,7) |
2 (28,5) |
|
AMAN: neuropatía motora axonal pura; AMSAN: DESARROLLAR; DE: desviación estándar; GDS: Guillain-Barré Disability Score; IgIV: inmunoglobulina intravenosa; MRC: Medical Research Council; PDIA: polineuropatía desmielinizante inflamatoria aguda; PE: plasmaféresis extracorpórea; RIC: rango intercuartílico; VMI: ventilación mecánica invasiva. |
Figura 1. Casos generales de síndrome de Guillain-Barré y síndrome de Guillain-Barré relacionado con el SARS-CoV-2 durante 2020.
Figura 2. Comparación de casos de síndrome de Guillain-Barré en 2019 y 2020.
Guillain-Barré syndrome during COVID-19 pandemic: experience from a referral healthcare center in Mexico Introduction. To describe clinical characteristics and electrophysiological variants of GBS cases during the pandemic, we carried out a comparative analysis between SARS-CoV2 related GBS and non-SARS-CoV2 patients and then compared to the 2019 cases. Patients and methods. We carried out a cross-sectional study of GBS patients diagnosed according to Asbury and Cornblath criteria. We collected information on clinical and paraclinical variables. We defined a SARS-CoV-2 related GBS case according to the description of Ellul et al. We used Hadden criteria to classify the electrophysiological variants. We performed a comparative analysis between groups. Results. Fourty-two patients were diagnosed with GBS in 2020, men 64.2%, age 46 ± 17.4 years, patients with obesity/overweight 42.8%, previous diarrhea 31%, history of respiratory tract infection 14.2%. Guillain Barre Disability Scale ≥ 3 points 71.4% and, cranial nerve involvement 69%. The most frequent electrophysiological variant was acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP) 53.5%. Seven (16.6%) cases were SARS-CoV2 related, four men, age 43.4 ± 13.4 years. When comparing patients with GBS in 2020 vs patients in 2019, we observed a decrease in the previous infection history during 2020 (45.2% vs 73.3%, p-value = 0.005) and a decrease in previous respiratory infection (14.2% vs 33.3%, p = 0.045), as well as a higher frequency of cranial nerve involvement, and albuminocytologic dissociation. Conclusions. SARS-CoV2 virus infection preventive measures may be impacting the presentation of post-infectious diseases such as GBS. We did not observe an increase in GBS cases during 2020. Also, the AIDP variant were more frequent in our population in the COVID-19 pandemic. Key words. AIDP. Clinical presentation. Electrophysiological variant. Guillain-Barre syndrome. SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. |