Tabla I. Datos sociodemográficos. |
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Sexo (%) |
Edad (años) |
Hemisferio lesionado (%) |
Lateralidad (%) |
Tiempo de evolución de la lesión (días) |
Tipo de ictus (%) |
NIHSS (puntos) |
|
Experimental |
68,18, hombres 31,81, mujeres |
62,31 ± 11,03 |
59,09, derecho 40,91, izquierdo |
86,36, derecha 13,64, izquierda |
54,86 ± 55,31 |
18,18, hemorrágico 81,82, isquémico |
3,9 ± 2,97 |
Control |
43,75, hombres 56,25, mujeres |
66,06 ± 13,77 |
56,25, derecho 43,75, izquierdo |
100, derecha |
57,75 ± 84,47 |
18,75, hemorrágico 81,25, isquémico |
4,56 ± 4,28 |
NIHSS: escala de ictus del National Institute of Health. |
Figura 1. Tarea del grupo experimental.
Figura 2. Tarea del grupo de control.
Figura 3. Posturografía.
Figura 4. Diagrama de flujo CONSORT.
Tabla II. Análisis estadístico. |
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Grupo experimentala |
Grupo de controla |
Experimental frente a controlb |
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Pre |
Post |
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Pre |
Post |
p |
Pre |
Post |
p |
U |
p |
U |
p |
|
AREA |
380,10 ± 360,68 |
229,86 ± 267,92 |
<0,001 |
891,33 ± 1191,35 |
329,98 ± 838,01 |
0,05 |
137,00 |
0,25 |
104,00 |
0,03 |
LONG |
800,65 ± 365,41 |
670,14 ± 354,58 |
0,04 |
937,92 ± 773,71 |
718,69 ± 696,94 |
0,10 |
144,00 |
0,35 |
157,00 |
0,58 |
DIFLOAD |
13,30 ± 14,15 |
5,55 ± 11,30 |
0,02 |
11,05 ± 13,15 |
4,15 ± 12,92 |
0,01 |
166,50 |
0,78 |
175,00 |
0,98 |
BBS |
39,50 ± 15,75 |
51,50 ± 6,25 |
<0,001 |
35,50 ± 15,25 |
46,50 ± 10,75 |
0,001 |
151,50 |
0,47 |
105,50 |
0,03 |
IB |
77,50 ± 21,25 |
100,00 ± 11,25 |
<0,001 |
62,50 ± 30,00 |
92,50 ± 40,00 |
0,001 |
148,50 |
0,42 |
117,00 |
0,08 |
TUG |
15,65 ± 15,80 |
11,38 ± 6,16 |
0,20 |
17,66 ± 18,32 |
10,70 ± 6,59 |
0,04 |
165,50 |
0,75 |
165,00 |
0,75 |
FAC |
2,00 ± 1,00 |
4,00 ± 2,00 |
<0,001 |
1,50 ± 1,75 |
3,00 ± 2,00 |
0,03 |
174,00 |
0,96 |
101,00 |
0,02 |
ECVI-38 |
39,84 ± 26,23 |
21,77 ± 19,62 |
<0,001 |
54,04 ± 17,57 |
43,78 ± 22,49 |
0,003 |
110,00 |
0,05 |
75,50 |
0,002 |
AREA: área de barrido; BBS: escala de equilibrio de Berg; DIFLOAD: porcentaje de diferencia de carga de peso entre los miembros inferiores; ECVI-38: escala de calidad de vida para el ictus; FAC: clasificación funcional de la deambulación; IB: índice de Barthel; LONG: longitud del recorrido de oscilación; TUG: Time Up and Go. a Grupo experimental y grupo de control: test de rangos con signo de Wilcoxon. Los datos se expresan como mediana ± rango intercuartílico. b Experimental frente a control: prueba U de Mann-Whitney. |
Use of recognition of laterality through implicit motor imagery for the improvement of postural control and balance in subacute stroke patients: a randomized controlled study Introduction. Motor Imagery techniques may be used as a complement to the recovery of motor sequelae after a stroke, as during the evocation of a movement the activation of neuronal circuits involved in the actual execution of the movement occurs. Patients and methods. A simple-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 38 patients were randomly assigned to a study group. Both groups performed, for four weeks, five weekly sessions of neurorehabilitation and three weekly sessions of experimental or control intervention, respectively.The experimental group training the recognition of laterality, while the control group the recognition of body parts. Participants were evaluated pre and post intervention with posturography parameters –Sway area (AREA), Sway path length (LONG), difference in weigthload between lower limbs (DIFLOAD)–, the Berg Balance scale (BBS), the Barthel Index (BI), the Time Up and Go Test (TUG), the Functional Ambulation Categories (FAC), and the quality-of-life scale for stroke (ECVI-38). Results. After performing the intragroup analysis, statistical significance was obtained for AREA (p < 0.001), LONG (p = 0.04), DIFLOAD (p = 0.02), BBS (p < 0.001), BI (p < 0.001), FAC (p < 0.001), and ECVI-38 (p < 0.001) in the experimental group; and for DIFLOAD (p = 0.01), BBS (p = 0.001), BI (p = 0.001), TUG (p = 0.04), FAC (p = 0.03), and ECVI-38 (p = 0.003) in the control group. In the intergroup analysis, statistical significance was obtained for AREA (p = 0.03), BBS (p = 0.03), FAC (p = 0.02) and ECVI-38 (p = 0.002) at postintervention time. Conclusions. Combined use of physical rehabilitation and recognition of laterality through implicit motor imagery tasks, improves balance and functions related to postural control in subacute stroke patients. Key words. Hemiparesis. Mental imagery. Mental practice. Recognise© flashcards. Rehabilitation. Stroke. |