Neuromuscular disorders in critically ill patients
Introduction and objective.Critically ill patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) often develop neuromuscular disorders. The objective of this study was to diagnose these and determine the causes. Material and methods. We present a series of 13 critically ill patients who developed weakness or paresia, reduced or absent ROT and normal brain stem reflexes, in whom ENG and EMG studies were done in EESS and II which were considered together with data from general laboratory analysis, radiological and microbiological examinations, medication given and posterior clinical course of the patient. Muscle biopsy was not done in any patient. Results. All the patients were intubated, with signs of sepsis, multiple-organ failure and malnutrition. All had received cortico-steroids and amino-glucosides and 8/13 neuromuscular blockers. Neurophysiological study showed that in all cases there was axon type neuropathy, mainly motor and in the lower limbs. Fifty four percent of the patients died. The neuropathy improved in the others. Conclusions. Critically ill patients often have axon type neuropathy. In our series, the causes of this were sepsis and multiple organ failure. It is important that this pathology be ruled out in the critically ill patient whom it is difficult to disintubate and/or has generalized muscle weakness
Resultados Todos los pacientes estaban intubados y presentaban signos de sepsis, fallo multiorgánico y malnutrición. Todos habían recibido corticoides y aminoglucósidos y 8/13 bloqueantes neuromusculares. El estudio neurofisiológico puso de manifiesto en todos ellos una neuropatía de tipo axonal de predominio motor y en EEII. El 54% de los pacientes fallecieron, observándose una buena evolución de la neuropatía en el resto.
Conclusiones Los enfermos en estado crítico presentan con frecuencia una neuropatía de tipo axonal. Como causas determinantes de la misma en nuestra serie figuran la sepsis y el fallo multiorgánico. Es importante descartar esta patología en el paciente crítico que presente dificultad para la desintubación y/o debilidad muscular generalizada