Neurophysiological parameters and the number of cd4 lymphocytes in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus
Introduction and objective. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes serious, irreversible, progressive deterioration of the immune and nervous systems. The main target cells are the ‘helper’ T lymphocytes and monocyte-macrophage cells with CD4 molecules on the surface acting as virus receptors. In this study we attempt to find whether the immune state and the nervous system are involved in parallel, or whether, on the contrary, HIV neurotropism is such that it leads to early nerve involvement, out of proportion to that of the immune system. Patients and methods. We studied a total of 66 persons, 30 seronegative and 36 seropositive, with different CD4 lymphocyte counts. In all cases motor and sensory conduction studies were done in the arms and legs, namely auditory, visual and somatosensory evoked potentials and also endogenous potentials (mainly P300). Conclusions. There are neurophysiological parameters which give pathological figures, even when immunity is maintained (figures of CD4 greater than 500/mm3) especially with regard to the figures for sensitivity of the legs, somatosensory evoked potentials and P300. Moreover, these are increased and others added at the same time as the CD4 count falls as the disease advances
Pacientes y métodos Se han estudiado un total de 66 individuos, 30 seronegativos y 36 seropositivos con distintas cifras de linfocitos CD4. En todos ellos se han realizado estudios de conducción motora y sensitiva de extremidades superiores e inferiores, potenciales evocados auditivo, visual y somatosensorial, así como potenciales endógenos, principalmente P300.
Conclusiones Existen parámetros neurofisiológicos que muestran valores patológicos, incluso en estadios con inmunidad conservada (cifras de CD4 superiores a 500/mm3) sobre todo en lo que se refiere a las cifras de conducción sensitiva en extremidades inferiores, potenciales evocados somatosensoriales y P300. Además, éstos se incrementan y se añaden otros conforme disminuye la cifra de CD4 con el progreso de la enfermedad