Cerebellar syndrome and myoclonus in a patient with adenocarcinoma of the colon
Correspondencia: Dra. Nuria García-Barragán. Servicio de Neurología. Hospital Ramón y Cajal. Ctra. de Colmenar Km 9,1. E-28034 Madrid. Fax: +34 91336 9016.
Introduction: Neurological paraneoplastic syndromes (NPS) are usually found in association with bronchogenic and gynecological tumors. Any part of the central or peripheral nervous system may be involved, and the clinical presentation may therefore take any of a large number of forms. Intestinal tumors rarely lead to NPS. We present the case of a patient with adenocarcinoma of the colon, in whom the first clinical sign was NPS.
Clinical case: A 72 year old man presented with subacute onset of generalized myoclonus, predominantly of action, ataxia on walking and changes in speech associated with a constitutional syndrome. There were no ocular changes. Laboratory investigations including immunology, serology and tumour markers were normal. Anti-Hu, Yo and Ri antibodies were negative. Study of the CSF showed the blood-brain barrier to be damaged. Cranial MR, EEG, thoraco-abdominal CT and osseous gammagraphy showed no significant changes. On colonoscopy there was a tumour in the medial zone of the transverse colon (an adenocarcinoma). Treatment was started with high dose steroids and the condition progressively improved. After right hemicolectomy steroid treatment was stopped, and there was complete recovery of the condition.
Conclusions: The presence of cerebellar syndromes and myoclonus of unknown aetiology should lead one to the diagnosis of a paraneoplastic syndrome. Adenocarcinoma of the colon should be included in the differential diagnosis.
Caso clínico Varón de 72 años que presentó un cuadro subagudo de mioclonías generalizadas predominantemente de acción, ataxia de la marcha y alteración del habla asociado a un síndrome constitucional. No presentaba alteraciones oculares. Los estudios analíticos, entre ellos un amplio estudio inmunológico, serológico y marcadores tumorales fueron normales. Los anticuerpos anti-Hu, Yo y Ri fueron negativos. El estudio de LCR mostró daño de la barrera hematoencefálica. La resonancia magnética craneal, EEG, TAC toracoabdominal y gammagrafía ósea no mostraron alteraciones de interés. La colonoscopia evidenció una tumoración en la zona medial del colon transverso correspondiente a un adenocarcinoma de colon. Se inició tratamiento con esteroides en altas dosis con mejoría progresiva del cuadro. Tras la hemicolectomía derecha se suspendió la administración de los esteroides con resolución total del cuadro.
Conclusiones La presencia de un síndrome cerebeloso y mioclonías de etiología no filiada debe alertar sobre la presencia de un síndrome paraneoplásico. El adenocarcinoma de colon debe ser incluido en el diagnóstico diferencial