Deterioro cognoscitivo en la enfermedad de Parkinson: factores de riesgo asociados
Summary. Introduction. Frequency estimation of dementia in Parkinson’s disease (PD) has often been the source of controversy owing to variations in the case selection methods and diagnosis criteria used. We examined the frequency of dementia and differences found in some clinical features between PD patients with or without cognitive impairment, to determine the risk factors for incident dementia in PD patients. Methods. A diagnosis of PD was taken according to the United Kingdom Parkinson’s Disease Society Brain Bank criteria. Subjects were considered as affected from cognitive impairment if Minimental State Examination score was below to 21. Results. Cognitive impairment was present in 36% of PD patients. The mean age was higher in PD patients with cognitive impairment (76 vs 69 years old, respectively; p< 0.001). The age onset of PD was higher in patients with cognitive impairment (68 vs 63 years old, respectively; p< 0.01). The rate of PD patients with low educational level were higher in patients with cognitive impairment (59 vs 30%, respectively; p< 0.01). Patients with cognitive impairment had higher rating scale score (p< 0.001). Conclusions. Cognitive impairment was present in 36% of examined PD patients, based in our operative diagnostic criteria. The cognitive status decrease continuously with age. It’s also evidence an inverse relation between educational level and rating scale score with cognitive impairment
Resultados El 36% de pacientes con EP mostraron deterioro cognoscitivo. La edad media de los pacientes con deterioro fue superior a la del otro grupo (76 por 69 años, respectivamente; p< 0,001). La edad de inicio de la EP fue superior en los pacientes con deterioro (68 por 63 años, respectivamente; p< 0,01). La proporción de pacientes mal escolarizados fue superior en el grupo con deterioro (59 por 30%, respectivamente; p< 0,01). Los pacientes con deterioro cognoscitivo presentaron puntuaciones medias más elevadas en las escalas de incapacidad motora (p< 0,001).
Conclusiones El 36% de los pacientes estudiados con EP presentan deterioro cognoscitivo, según los criterios operativos definidos en nuestro estudio. El rendimiento cognoscitivo disminuye progresivamente con la edad. También es evidente la relación inversa entre nivel educativo y grado de incapacidad motora con el deterioro cognoscitivo