Intraoperative electroneurophisiological monitoring of basal cranial nerves surgery
Summary. Introduction. Since 1980 when intraoperative monitoring was introduced or acoustic nerve surgery, the technique rapidly was outspreaded to the other basal cranial nerves, and today is the most important and indispensable piece of work first of all because of its effectiveness in the prevention of the neurologic deficits. Objective. The aim of this work is to describe the basic requisites needed (personnel, equipment, stimulation and recording electrodes, patient handling), as well as to review the different techniques used (electromyography and electroneurography) in the motor cranial nerve monitorization (facial, motor trigeminal, extraocular muscles, glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal accessory and hypoglossal) and the sensitive cranial nerves (optic, sensitive trigeminal, and acoustic) especially with evoked potentials. Finally, we pointed out the non-neurologic structures monitoring during the surgery of the posterior fossa
Objetivo El objetivo de este trabajo es describir los requisitos básicos necesarios para su aplicación (personal, equipos, electrodos de estimulación, electrodos de registro, manejo del paciente), así como la revisión de las distintas técnicas empleadas (EMG y ENG) en la monitorización de nervios craneales motores (facial, trigémino motor, de la musculatura extraocular, glosofaríngeo, vago, espinal e hipogloso) y de los nervios craneales sensitivos (óptico, trigémino sensitivo y auditivo) básicamente con potenciales evocados. Por último, se pone énfasis en la monitorización de otras estructuras no neurológicas en cirugía de la fosa posterior
