Giant cell arteritis, bilateral anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, and anticardiolipin antibodies
Clinical case. We report a case of giant cell arteritis (GCA) that developed acute bilateral amaurosis secondary to anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION), without other symptoms and with a normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Physical examination revealed painless and pulseless temporal arteries, ophthalmoscopic findings were blurring of margins, hyperaemia and elevation of both optic discs. Visual acuity was limited to hand motion perception and light-darkness discrimination. Six months before of this syndrome, the patient was diagnosed of polymyalgia rheumatica and was maintained asymptomatic with 6 mg/day of deflazacort. Temporal artery biopsy was diagnostic. An elevated IgG type anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) rate was detected in serum. The remaining laboratory studies were normal. Conclusions. In old people with uni or bilateral acute visual loss, even with normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate and without other symptoms associated, it is necessary to have a high index of suspicion in order to detect giant cell arteritis. This can facilitate an early diagnosis and immediate initiation of treatment with high doses of corticosteroids. An elevated level of IgG type anticardiolipin antibodies may be a risk factor to thrombotic complications, as anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, in patients with giant cell arteritis.
Conclusiones En ancianos con pérdida de visión uni o bilateral aguda, aun con velocidad de sedimentación globular normal y sin otros síntomas asociados, debe mantenerse un alto grado de sospecha de arteritis de células gigantes. Ello puede facilitar la rápida confirmación del diagnóstico y el inicio precoz del tratamiento esteroideo con dosis altas. La presencia de una tasa elevada de anticuerpos anticardiolipina de tipo IgG puede ser un factor de riesgo asociado al desarrollo de complicaciones vasculares trombóticas, como la neuritis óptica isquémica anterior, en pacientes con arteritis de células gigantes