Descriptive epidemiology of the vascular risk factors in Bañeres. Study group 'Bañeres Project'
M.J. Mulet-Pons, R. Sánchez-Pérez, J.M. Moltó-Jordà, A. Adam, J. Blanquer, J.M. López-Arlandis
Introduction: Epidemiological studies of the risk factors of cerebrovascular disease are of great interest, particularly the identification of factors which may be modified. Previous studies carried out in the Alcoi region of Alicante province, showed a high prevalence of cerebrovascular disease. The town of Bañeres was therefore chosen for confirmation of this data and identification of the frequency of vascular risk factors.
Objective: To compare the group of patients with cerebrovascular disease with the remainder of the population interviewed.
Patients and methods: In a door-to-door study in Bañeres 1,832 people were interviewed as part of the Bañeres Project. The population aged over 45 years was interviewed and filled in a questionnaire for diagnosis of transient ischemic accidents.
Results: Arterial hypertension: estimated prevalence 500/1,000 inhabitants, relative risk 3.24; diabetes mellitus: estimated prevalence 195/1,000, relative risk 2.18; coronary artery disease: estimated prevalence 58/1,000, relative risk 1.88; peptic ulcer: estimated prevalence 75/1,000, relative risk 1.23; smoking: estimated prevalence 110/1,000, relative risk 0.46; complete arrhythmia: prevalence 73/1,000, relative risk 5.23. Family histories of cerebrovascular accident, arterial hypertension, diabetes and coronary artery disease were not significant.
Conclusions: Arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and arrhythmia were significantly more prevalent amongst patients with vascular disease in our setting. We found no association with the other risk factors analyzed.
Objetivo Comparar los factores de riesgo en el grupo de pacientes con enfermedad cerebrovascular y el resto de la población encuestada.
Pacientes y métodos Se realizó un estudio puerta a puerta en Bañeres con 1.832 encuestados como parte del Proyecto Bañeres. Se entrevistó a la población mayor de 45 años y se cumplimentó un protocolo para el diagnóstico de accidente isquémico transitorio.
Resultados Hipertensión arterial: prevalencia estimada 500/1.000 habitantes, riesgo relativo 3,24; diabetes mellitus: prevalencia estimada 195/1.000, riesgo relativo 2,18; enfermedad coronaria: prevalencia estimada 58/1.000, riesgo relativo 1,88; ulcus péptico: prevalencia estimada 75/1.000, riesgo relativo 1,23; dislipemia: prevalencia estimada 73/1.000, riesgo relativo 1,34; hábito tabáquico: prevalencia estimada de 110/1.000, riesgo relativo 0,46; arritmia completa: prevalencia 73/1.000, riesgo relativo 5,23. Los antecedentes familiares de accidente cerebrovascular, hipertensión arterial, diabetes y coronariopatías no fueron estadísticamente significativos.
Conclusiones La hipertensión arterial, la diabetes mellitus y la arritmia fueron significativamente más prevalentes entre los pacientes con enfermedad vascular en nuestro medio. No encontramos asociación con el resto de los factores de riesgo analizados