The future and problems of vigilance in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Introduction. The epidemiological surveillance of human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, is heavily dependent on diagnostic quality, requires therefore a dynamic health care system able to incorporate new diagnostic tools, and rests on activities within three major observation fields: study of age-specific incidences of the disorder, identification of possible changes in clinicopathological profile, particularly, of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and analysis of incidences among the young population with codon 129VV. Problems for evaluating potentially emerging disorders are determined by increasing awareness of diagnosis, changes in autopsy rates, appropriate use of the 14-3-3 protein test in CSF test and international variations in expected data. Development. The situation in Spain with increasing incidences among the elderly might reflect the impact of recent changes in use of new diagnostic tests, increasing diagnostic awareness of the clinicians among the elderly and a drop in autopsy rates since 1996. Systematic use of 14-33- test in suspected cases, genotyping, and post-mortem study practice, as well as international collaboration are recommended for optimal surveillance. The importance of compulsory notification by law is debated. Generous notification of suspected cases to Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro Nacional de Epidemiologia is kindly requested.
Desarrollo La situación en España, con un incremento de las incidencias en los ancianos, podría reflejar el impacto de la recientemente introducida prueba de la proteína 14-3-3 en LCR, la mayor atención diagnóstica y el descenso de las tasas de autopsia desde 1996. Las recomendaciones para una vigilancia óptima de estos trastornos incluyen la sistemática indicación del test de la proteína 14-3-3 en LCR en casos sospechosos, la realización del genotipado y de estudios post mórtem así como la colaboración internacional. La importancia de la notificación obligatoria por ley es discutida. El autor solicita la generosa notificación de casos sospechosos al Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro Nacional de Epidemiología