Review
Symptomatic acute epilepsies
Epilepsias agudas sintomáticas
Rev Neurol 2000
, 31(8),
770–774;
https://doi.org/10.33588/rn.3108.99520
Abstract
OBJECTIVES. To review the differentiating characteristics of symptomatic acute epilepsies, epidemiology, aetiology and controversies over treatment, and describe our experience with symptomatic acute epilepsy in cerebrovascular disorders. DEVELOPMENT and
CONCLUSIONS The socalled symptomatic acute epilepsies show clearly differentiated characteristics with regard to true epileptic disorders: 1. A clearly identified causal association; 2. Generally tend not to recur; 3. Usually longterm antiepileptic treatment is not necessary. Therefore the most suitable term for them is symptomatic acute seizures. They make up a large proportion of all newlydiagnosed epilepsies around 40%. The highest incidence occurs during the first year of life (probably because of the high incidence of seizures due to encephalopathies, metabolic disorders and infections) and in elderly patients (especially in relations to cerebrovascular disorders). The commonest causes are: cerebrovascular disorders, head injury, infections of the central nervous system, alcohol and drugs. The risk of subsequent epilepsy is increased in a subgroup of these patients, especially in cases with associated cerebrovascular disorders, head injuries and central nervous system infection. Longterm preventive treatment is rarely indicated in these patients.
CONCLUSIONS The socalled symptomatic acute epilepsies show clearly differentiated characteristics with regard to true epileptic disorders: 1. A clearly identified causal association; 2. Generally tend not to recur; 3. Usually longterm antiepileptic treatment is not necessary. Therefore the most suitable term for them is symptomatic acute seizures. They make up a large proportion of all newlydiagnosed epilepsies around 40%. The highest incidence occurs during the first year of life (probably because of the high incidence of seizures due to encephalopathies, metabolic disorders and infections) and in elderly patients (especially in relations to cerebrovascular disorders). The commonest causes are: cerebrovascular disorders, head injury, infections of the central nervous system, alcohol and drugs. The risk of subsequent epilepsy is increased in a subgroup of these patients, especially in cases with associated cerebrovascular disorders, head injuries and central nervous system infection. Longterm preventive treatment is rarely indicated in these patients.
Resumen
Objetivos Revisar las características diferenciales de las epilepsias agudas sintomáticas, epidemiología, etiología y controversias terapéuticas, y exponer nuestra experiencia con las epilepsias agudas sintomáticas en la patología cerebrovascular. Desarrollo y conclusiones. Las denominadas epilepsias agudas sintomáticas presentan unas características claramente diferenciadoras en lo que respecta a la auténtica enfermedad epiléptica: 1. Una asociación causal claramente identificable; 2. No tienden en general a la recurrencia, y 3. No es necesario, generalmente, un tratamiento antiepiléptico a largo plazo. Por lo tanto, el término más adecuado para denominarlas sería el de crisis agudas sintomáticas. Representan un porcentaje importante de todas las epilepsias de nuevo diagnóstico, alrededor de un 40%. Su incidencia mayor es en el primer año de vida (probablemente por la alta incidencia de crisis debidas a encefalopatías, alteraciones metabólicas e infecciones) y en pacientes ancianos (en relación sobre todo con la patología cerebrovascular). Las causas más frecuentes son: patología cerebrovascular, traumatismo craneoencefálico, infecciones del sistema nervioso central, alcohol y fármacos. El riesgo de epilepsia posterior se encuentra incrementado en un subgrupo de estos pacientes, sobre todo en los casos asociados a patología cerebrovascular, traumatismos craneoencefálicos e infecciones del sistema nervioso central. El tratamiento preventivo a largo plazo muy raramente está indicado en estos pacientes.
Palabras Claves
Accidente cerebral vascular
Accidente cerebrovascular
Estudio de casos y control
Estudio poblacional
Evaluación
Fármaco
Fármaco anticomicial
Fármaco anticonvulsivo
Fármaco antiepiléptico
Hematoma intracraneal
Hemorragia intracraneal
Hemorragia intraventricular
Ictus
Ictus agudo
Ictus hemorrágico
Ictus isquémico
Ictus venoso
Ictus vertebrobasilar
Incidencia
Incidencia acumulada
Infarto cerebral
Infarto cerebral arterial
Infarto cerebral venoso
Infarto lacunar
Infecciones del sistema nervioso central