Case Report
Neonatal convulsions caused by incontinentia pigmenti with left opercular dysgenesia
Convulsiones neonatales por incontinencia pigmenti con disgenesia opercular izquierda
M.C.
Carrascosa-Romero
,
R.
Ruiz-Cano
,
C.
Medina-Monzón
,
L.
Pérez-García
,
A.
Martínez-Gutiérrez
,
R.
Tébar-Gil
Rev Neurol 2003
, 36(1),
36–39;
https://doi.org/10.33588/rn.3601.2002036
Abstract
AIMS. In this paper we review the main publications on incontinentia pigmenti (IP) and the current knowledge of the etiopathogenesis of the disease and of the convulsions in the neonatal period, by considering a clear case of neonatal IP, with skin, eye, brain and bone lesions.
CASE REPORT Our patient, a female, started with clonic seizures in the right half of the body at the age of three days. Method. IP, or Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome, is a genetic multisystemic neuroectodermic disorder. It is a disease of low incidence (1% of all neuroectodermic disorders) which is transmitted by means of a pattern of dominant inheritance linked to X, and is lethal in males, except in rare cases of somatic mosaicism and Klinefelter. In the family forms the gene is located in the p11 (IP 1) and q28 (IP 2) regions of the X chromosome. It has recently been discovered that the cause lies in a mutation of a gene called NEMO (IKK-gamma). Together with Bourneville’s tuberous sclerosis it is the only neurocutaneous syndrome that can begin with neonatal convulsions. The convulsions start on the second or third day of life and are often limited to a single side of the body, although it can also appear as encephalitis. The origin of the convulsions has been linked with recurring encephalomyelitis, or with an alteration of the neuronal migration.
CONCLUSIONS The cause of the early convulsions in our patient, which we put down to a left perisylvian focal dysgenesia (unilateral opercular syndrome) observed in the computerised axial tomography (CAT scan), has not been reported up to the present associated with IP.
CASE REPORT Our patient, a female, started with clonic seizures in the right half of the body at the age of three days. Method. IP, or Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome, is a genetic multisystemic neuroectodermic disorder. It is a disease of low incidence (1% of all neuroectodermic disorders) which is transmitted by means of a pattern of dominant inheritance linked to X, and is lethal in males, except in rare cases of somatic mosaicism and Klinefelter. In the family forms the gene is located in the p11 (IP 1) and q28 (IP 2) regions of the X chromosome. It has recently been discovered that the cause lies in a mutation of a gene called NEMO (IKK-gamma). Together with Bourneville’s tuberous sclerosis it is the only neurocutaneous syndrome that can begin with neonatal convulsions. The convulsions start on the second or third day of life and are often limited to a single side of the body, although it can also appear as encephalitis. The origin of the convulsions has been linked with recurring encephalomyelitis, or with an alteration of the neuronal migration.
CONCLUSIONS The cause of the early convulsions in our patient, which we put down to a left perisylvian focal dysgenesia (unilateral opercular syndrome) observed in the computerised axial tomography (CAT scan), has not been reported up to the present associated with IP.
Resumen
Objetivo En el presente trabajo se revisan las principales publicaciones sobre la incontinencia pigmenti (IP) y el conocimiento actual sobre la etiopatogenia de la enfermedad y de las convulsiones en el período neonatal, a propósito de un caso florido de IP neonatal, con lesiones dérmicas, oculares, cerebrales y óseas.
Caso clínico Nuestra paciente inició con crisis clónicas del hemicuerpo derecho al tercer día de vida.
Desarrollo La IP o enfermedad de Bloch-Sulzberger es un trastorno neuroectodérmico genético multisistémico. De escasa incidencia (1% de los trastornos neuroectodérmicos) y transmitida a través de un patrón de herencia dominante ligada al X, es letal en varones, salvo raros casos de mosaicismo somático y Klinefelter. En las formas familiares el gen se localiza en la regiones p 11 (IP 1) y q 28 (IP 2) del cromosoma X. Recientemente se ha descubierto que la causa es una mutación en un gen llamado NEMO (IKKgamma). Junto a la esclerosis tuberosa de Bourneville es el único síndrome neurocutáneo que puede iniciarse con convulsiones neonatales. Las convulsiones empiezan al segundo o tercer día de vida, y se limita con frecuencia a un solo hemicuerpo, si bien puede manifestarse como encefalitis. El origen de las convulsiones se ha relacionado con la encefalomielitis recurrente, o bien con una alteración de la migración neuronal.
Conclusiones La causa de las convulsiones precoces en nuestra paciente, que atribuimos a la disgenesia focal perisilviana izquierda (síndrome opercular unilateral) observada en la tomografía axial computarizada, no se ha descrito hasta hoy día asociada a la IP.
Caso clínico Nuestra paciente inició con crisis clónicas del hemicuerpo derecho al tercer día de vida.
Desarrollo La IP o enfermedad de Bloch-Sulzberger es un trastorno neuroectodérmico genético multisistémico. De escasa incidencia (1% de los trastornos neuroectodérmicos) y transmitida a través de un patrón de herencia dominante ligada al X, es letal en varones, salvo raros casos de mosaicismo somático y Klinefelter. En las formas familiares el gen se localiza en la regiones p 11 (IP 1) y q 28 (IP 2) del cromosoma X. Recientemente se ha descubierto que la causa es una mutación en un gen llamado NEMO (IKKgamma). Junto a la esclerosis tuberosa de Bourneville es el único síndrome neurocutáneo que puede iniciarse con convulsiones neonatales. Las convulsiones empiezan al segundo o tercer día de vida, y se limita con frecuencia a un solo hemicuerpo, si bien puede manifestarse como encefalitis. El origen de las convulsiones se ha relacionado con la encefalomielitis recurrente, o bien con una alteración de la migración neuronal.
Conclusiones La causa de las convulsiones precoces en nuestra paciente, que atribuimos a la disgenesia focal perisilviana izquierda (síndrome opercular unilateral) observada en la tomografía axial computarizada, no se ha descrito hasta hoy día asociada a la IP.
Keywords
Bloch-Sulzberger
Convulsions
Incontinentia pigmenti
Opercular dysgenesia
Retinopathy
Palabras Claves
BlochSulzberger
Convulsiones
Disgenesia opercular
Incontinencia pigmenti
Neonatal
Retinopatía