Review
Barkley’s model of self-regulation applied to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a review
Modelo de autorregulación de Barkley aplicado al trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad: una revisión
Rev Neurol 2005
, 40(6),
358–368;
https://doi.org/10.33588/rn.4006.2004364
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to carry out a review of Barkley’s model of self-regulation and executive functions (EF) applied to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). DEVELOPMENT AND
CONCLUSIONS Our starting point was the discrepancy between the description and the explanation of the disorder; that is to say, on the one hand important advances have been made from the applied point of view, but on the other hand we still do not have an overall explanation of the problem. The causes of ADHD are then reviewed as regards both specific aetiological factors and the wider reaching explanatory models. In this latter case, as antecedents and contributions prior to the model of self-regulation, we examine Douglas’s attentional model and three models based on the concept of behavioural inhibition: Quay’s neurobehavioural, Schachar’s competitive, and Sergeant and van deer Meere’s energetic models. Barkley’s model was initially based on ‘behavioural inhibition’, but eventually the limitations that were detected and new lines of research led him to advance towards self-regulation. The main components of the model are reviewed: behavioural inhibition processes, the very concept of self-regulation/self-control, the EF involved, and motor control. The model is applied to the behaviour and characteristics of children with ADHD, and its implications in the fields of evaluation and treatment are discussed. Finally, we outline some of its main controversies and, in the conclusions, its strong and weak points are highlighted.
CONCLUSIONS Our starting point was the discrepancy between the description and the explanation of the disorder; that is to say, on the one hand important advances have been made from the applied point of view, but on the other hand we still do not have an overall explanation of the problem. The causes of ADHD are then reviewed as regards both specific aetiological factors and the wider reaching explanatory models. In this latter case, as antecedents and contributions prior to the model of self-regulation, we examine Douglas’s attentional model and three models based on the concept of behavioural inhibition: Quay’s neurobehavioural, Schachar’s competitive, and Sergeant and van deer Meere’s energetic models. Barkley’s model was initially based on ‘behavioural inhibition’, but eventually the limitations that were detected and new lines of research led him to advance towards self-regulation. The main components of the model are reviewed: behavioural inhibition processes, the very concept of self-regulation/self-control, the EF involved, and motor control. The model is applied to the behaviour and characteristics of children with ADHD, and its implications in the fields of evaluation and treatment are discussed. Finally, we outline some of its main controversies and, in the conclusions, its strong and weak points are highlighted.
Resumen
Objetivo Llevar a cabo una revisión del modelo de autorregulación y funciones ejecutivas (FE) de Barkley aplicado al trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH). Desarrollo y conclusiones. Se parte de la discrepancia entre la descripción y la explicación del trastorno; es decir, por una parte, se han dado importantes avances desde el punto de vista aplicado; pero, por otra, seguimos sin una explicación global del problema. A continuación, se revisan las causas del TDAH, tanto desde los factores etiológicos específicos como los modelos explicativos más amplios. En este último caso, se revisan como antecedentes, y como aportaciones previas al modelo de autorregulación, el modelo atencional de Douglas y tres modelos basados en el concepto de desinhibición conductual: el neuroconductual de Quay, el competitivo de Schachar y el energético de Sergeant y van deer Meere. El propio modelo de Barkley, inicialmente, se basó en la ‘inhibición conductual’, pero, finalmente, las limitaciones detectadas y nuevas líneas de investigación le llevaron a evolucionar hacia la autorregulación. Se revisan los principales componentes del modelo: los procesos de inhibición conductual, el propio concepto de autorregulación/autocontrol, las FE implicadas y el ‘control motor’. Se aplica el modelo a la conducta y a las características del niño con TDAH y se discuten sus implicaciones, tanto en el ámbito de la evaluación como en el del tratamiento. Finalmente, se exponen algunas de sus principales controversias y se destacan, en las conclusiones, sus puntos fuertes y débiles.
Keywords
ADHD
Behavioural inhibition
Executive functions
Self-regulation
Palabras Claves
Autorregulación
Funciones ejecutivas
Inhibición conductual
TDAH