Case Report
Pharyngeal-cervical-brachial variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome: a well-defined clinical condition with a heterogeneous immunological profile
Variante faringocervicobraquial del síndrome de Guillain-Barré: una entidad clínica bien definida con un perfil inmunológico heterogéneo
Rev Neurol 2008
, 47(11),
579–581;
https://doi.org/10.33588/rn.4711.2008074
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pharyngeal-cervical-brachial variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is rare. This variant has its own specific clinical aspects but a heterogeneous immunological profile.
CASE REPORT A 38-year-old male who presented progressive symptoms of dysphagia, dysphonia and weakness hindering movement of the upper limbs. Two weeks earlier, the patient had presented acute self-limiting diarrhoea. He displayed predominantly right-side bilateral peripheral facial paresis, and paresis of the 9th and 12th cranial nerves and upper limbs (proximal 0/5, distal 1/5), although strength in the lower limbs was not compromised; sensitivity was preserved and deep tendon reflexes were diminished (0 in the upper limbs and + in the lower extremities). At 24 hours after admission, he suffered severe respiratory distress and had to be moved to the Intensive Care Unit with invasive mechanical ventilation. An electronystagmography/electromyogram study revealed severe demyelinating damage that predominantly involved the brain, but also included a small axonal component. The most striking immunological finding was the presence of positive IgG anti-GQ1b, IgM anti-GMI and IgM anti-asialo GM1 titres.
CONCLUSIONS The pharyngeal-cervical-brachial variant is a clinical condition with its own clinical characteristics and well-established diagnostic criteria that allow it to be distinguished from the other variants of GBS. Our case highlights the wide clinical spectrum of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathies and the important degree of heterogeneity that exists as regards the immunological parameters.
CASE REPORT A 38-year-old male who presented progressive symptoms of dysphagia, dysphonia and weakness hindering movement of the upper limbs. Two weeks earlier, the patient had presented acute self-limiting diarrhoea. He displayed predominantly right-side bilateral peripheral facial paresis, and paresis of the 9th and 12th cranial nerves and upper limbs (proximal 0/5, distal 1/5), although strength in the lower limbs was not compromised; sensitivity was preserved and deep tendon reflexes were diminished (0 in the upper limbs and + in the lower extremities). At 24 hours after admission, he suffered severe respiratory distress and had to be moved to the Intensive Care Unit with invasive mechanical ventilation. An electronystagmography/electromyogram study revealed severe demyelinating damage that predominantly involved the brain, but also included a small axonal component. The most striking immunological finding was the presence of positive IgG anti-GQ1b, IgM anti-GMI and IgM anti-asialo GM1 titres.
CONCLUSIONS The pharyngeal-cervical-brachial variant is a clinical condition with its own clinical characteristics and well-established diagnostic criteria that allow it to be distinguished from the other variants of GBS. Our case highlights the wide clinical spectrum of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathies and the important degree of heterogeneity that exists as regards the immunological parameters.
Resumen
Introducción Una variante poco frecuente del síndrome de Guillain-Barré (SGB) es la faringocervicobraquial. Dicha variante posee aspectos clínicos específicos, pero un perfil inmunológico heterogéneo.
Caso clínico Varón de 38 años de edad que presentó cuadro progresivo de disfagia, disfonía y debilidad para movilizar las extremidades superiores. Dos semanas antes, presentó un cuadro diarreico autolimitado. Mostraba paresia facial periférica bilateral de predominio derecho, y paresia de los IX y XII pares craneales y de miembros superiores (proximal 0/5, distal 1/5), sin afectación de la fuerza en miembros inferiores, sensibilidad conservada y reflejos osteotendinosos disminuidos (0 en miembros superiores y + en inferiores). A las 24 horas de ingreso sufrió deterioro respiratorio grave, que requirió traslado a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos con ventilación mecánica invasiva. La electronistagmografía/electromiograma mostró un grave daño desmielinizante de predominio cefálico y cierto componente axonal. Inmunológicamente destacó la presencia de títulos positivos de IgG anti-GQ1b, IgM anti-GM1 e IgM anti-asialo GM1.
Conclusiones La variante faringocervicobraquial es una entidad clínica con características clínicas propias y criterios diagnósticos establecidos que permiten distinguirla de las otras variantes del SGB. Nuestro caso pone de relieve el amplio espectro clínico de las polirradiculoneuropatías desmielinizantes inflamatorias agudas y la gran heterogeneidad existente respecto a parámetros inmunológicos.
Caso clínico Varón de 38 años de edad que presentó cuadro progresivo de disfagia, disfonía y debilidad para movilizar las extremidades superiores. Dos semanas antes, presentó un cuadro diarreico autolimitado. Mostraba paresia facial periférica bilateral de predominio derecho, y paresia de los IX y XII pares craneales y de miembros superiores (proximal 0/5, distal 1/5), sin afectación de la fuerza en miembros inferiores, sensibilidad conservada y reflejos osteotendinosos disminuidos (0 en miembros superiores y + en inferiores). A las 24 horas de ingreso sufrió deterioro respiratorio grave, que requirió traslado a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos con ventilación mecánica invasiva. La electronistagmografía/electromiograma mostró un grave daño desmielinizante de predominio cefálico y cierto componente axonal. Inmunológicamente destacó la presencia de títulos positivos de IgG anti-GQ1b, IgM anti-GM1 e IgM anti-asialo GM1.
Conclusiones La variante faringocervicobraquial es una entidad clínica con características clínicas propias y criterios diagnósticos establecidos que permiten distinguirla de las otras variantes del SGB. Nuestro caso pone de relieve el amplio espectro clínico de las polirradiculoneuropatías desmielinizantes inflamatorias agudas y la gran heterogeneidad existente respecto a parámetros inmunológicos.
Keywords
Anti-GQ1b antibodies
Anti-GT1a antibodies
Guillain-Barré syndrome
Miller Fisher syndrome
Pharyngeal-cervical-brachial variant
Palabras Claves
Anticuerpos anti-GQ1b
Anticuerpos anti-GT1a
Síndrome de Guillain-Barré
Síndrome de Miller Fisher
Variante faringocervicobraquial