Review
A review of the construct of mild cognitive impairment: general aspects
Revisión del constructo deterioro cognitivo leve: aspectos generales
Rev Neurol 2011
, 52(5),
300–305;
https://doi.org/10.33588/rn.5205.2010245
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The term ‘mild cognitive impairment’ (MCI) indicates an initial state in the process of developing dementia which is considered by some to be an early stage of dementia –especially of the Alzheimer type– while others see it as an independent condition. It is therefore necessary and important to reach a suitable diagnosis, by means of reliable and sensitive instruments and techniques, which make it possible to discriminate between subjects undergoing normal ageing and those with pathological ageing. DEVELOPMENT AND
CONCLUSIONS The aim of this work is to offer a general overview of this construct. First of all the term and its meaning are put into a historical context. The article also describes its subtypes and the diagnostic criteria employed and defined by Petersen –which are considered to be the most widely used– as well as those of other authors. To do so, the epidemiological data (incidence/prevalence) that have appeared in different studies are cited and the main (biological, psychological, behavioural and neuropsychological) markers of the progression of MCI towards dementia are outlined. In the following subsection, the process used to evaluate MCI is shown. The steps or stages that must be followed in order to perform a suitable diagnosis of this condition are also described. The article ends with some final considerations, where the most significant facts from this review are discussed.
CONCLUSIONS The aim of this work is to offer a general overview of this construct. First of all the term and its meaning are put into a historical context. The article also describes its subtypes and the diagnostic criteria employed and defined by Petersen –which are considered to be the most widely used– as well as those of other authors. To do so, the epidemiological data (incidence/prevalence) that have appeared in different studies are cited and the main (biological, psychological, behavioural and neuropsychological) markers of the progression of MCI towards dementia are outlined. In the following subsection, the process used to evaluate MCI is shown. The steps or stages that must be followed in order to perform a suitable diagnosis of this condition are also described. The article ends with some final considerations, where the most significant facts from this review are discussed.
Resumen
Introducción El término ‘deterioro cognitivo leve’ (DCL) indica un estado inicial en el proceso demencial, considerado por algunos un estadio precoz de la demencia –en especial la de tipo Alzheimer– y por otros una entidad independiente. Es, por tanto, necesario e importante un adecuado diagnóstico, mediante la utilización de instrumentos y técnicas fiables y sensibles, que nos permita discriminar entre sujetos con envejecimiento normal y envejecimiento patológico. Desarrollo y conclusiones. Este trabajo pretende mostrar una visión general de este constructo. En primer lugar se define el contexto histórico del término y su significado, así como sus subtipos y los criterios diagnósticos empleados y definidos por Petersen –considerados los más utilizados– y de otros autores, citando los datos epidemiológicos (incidencia/prevalencia) que han ido apareciendo en diferentes estudios para, posteriormente, exponer los principales marcadores (biológicos, psicológicos, conductuales y neuropsicológicos) de evolución del DCL hacia la demencia. En el siguiente apartado se muestra el proceso de evaluación del DCL. Se describen los pasos o etapas para realizar un adecuado diagnóstico de este cuadro. En último lugar, se exponen las consideraciones finales, donde se aportan los hechos más relevantes de la presente revisión.
Keywords
Alzheimer’s disease
Dementias
Markers of dementia
Mild cognitive impairment
Neuropsychological examination
Neuropsychology
Palabras Claves
Demencias
Deterioro cognitivo leve
Enfermedad de Alzheimer
Exploración neuropsicológica
Marcadores de demencia
Neuropsicología