N200: an electrophysiological signal associated with inhibitory control, as an endophenotype candidate in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
*Correspondencia: Dra. Natalia Trujillo Orrego. Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia. Universidad de Antioquia. Calle 62, n.º 52-59. AA 1226. CO 057 Medellín, Colombia.
E-mail: natalitra@hotmail.com
Introduction: N200 (N2) is an electrophysiological component related with the analysis of perceptual disruptions and with the recognition of a stop signal (inhibitory control); neuroanatomically, it has been associated with right-hand orbitofrontal structures. Its modulation has been studied with go/no go-type tasks and the Stop Signal Task (SST).
Development: While the SST is being carried out in subjects with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), differences in the amplitude of the N2 have been observed in comparison to control subjects. Moreover, a number of studies have reported that ADHD has a high degree of inheritability, with linkages to several susceptibility loci. From all this, it is acknowledged that inhibitory control, and more particularly N2 modulation, is a quantitative trait that may be expressed in different ways in the members of families with and without ADHD, as well as in unaffected subjects from the general population, while also being a candidate as an endophenotype of the disorder. This hypothesis has been confirmed in 141 families with the genetic isolate of Antioquia, in which differences have been identified in this electrical signal on comparing the members of affected and unaffected families and these two groups with unaffected members of the general population.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that N2 is an electrophysiological signal that is modulated by faulty inhibitory control in subjects with ADHD and, in this respect, could be used as a candidate in the search for endophenotypes in the familial form of this disorder.
Desarrollo Durante la realización de la SST en sujetos con trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad (TDAH) se han identificado diferencias en la amplitud del N2 respecto a los controles. Por otra parte, múltiples estudios han informado de que el TDAH tiene una alta heredabilidad, con ligamientos a varios loci de susceptibilidad. Por lo anterior, se reconoce que el control inhibitorio, específicamente la modulación del N2, es un rasgo cuantitativo que pudiera expresarse de forma diferente en los miembros de familias de afectados con TDAH y no afectados, así como en los sujetos no afectados de la población general, y ser un candidato a endofenotipo del trastorno. Esta hipótesis se ha corroborado en 141 familias del aislado genético de Antioquia, en las que se han identificado diferencias en esta señal eléctrica al comparar miembros de familias de afectados y no afectados, y estos dos grupos con no afectados de la población general.
Conclusiones Estos hallazgos sugieren que el N2 es una señal electrofisiológica modulada por los fallos en el control inhibitorio en los sujetos con TDAH y, en este sentido, podría usarse como candidato en la búsqueda de endofenotipos en la forma familiar de este trastorno.