The effectiveness of levetiracetam in the treatment of neuropathic pain
*Correspondencia: Dra. Esperanza del Pozo Gavilán. Departamento de Farmacología e Instituto de Neurociencias Federico Olóriz. Universidad de Granada. Avda. Madrid, 11. E-18012 Granada.
E-mail: edpozo@ugr.es
Introduction: Pharmacological treatment is the first that should be taken into account in dealing with neuropathic pain, antiepileptic drugs being one of the leading options. Levetiracetam is a state of the art antiepileptic drug that has displayed antinociceptive activity in experimental models of pain and clinical effectiveness as an analgesic in series of patients with neuropathic pain.
Aim: To analyse the effectiveness of levetiracetam as an analgesic in the treatment of neuropathic pain by means of a systematic review of the literature.
Patients and methods: The Medline/PubMed database was used in the study and the search criteria included three fundamental elements: levetiracetam, neuropathic pain and patients. The studies identified were those published before 31st January 2011. The selected studies were submitted to a quality analysis according to the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale (0-10).
Results: Three series of cases, two open non-controlled pilot studies and four randomised clinical trials (RCT) were selected. Only the RCT met acceptable quality criteria. The aetiology of the neuropathic pain was different in each of the RCT analysed. Levetiracetam proved to be effective in the treatment of neuropathic pain in the studies with a low level of methodological quality (case series and pilot studies) and in one RCT aimed at patients with central neuropathic pain due to multiple sclerosis.
Conclusions: Few clinical trials with a high level of methodological quality have been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of levetiracetam in the treatment of neuropathic pain and most of those that have been carried out do not show any benefit in comparison to the use of a placebo.
Objetivo Analizar la eficacia analgésica del levetiracetam en el tratamiento del dolor neuropático mediante una revisión sistemática de la bibliografía.
Pacientes y métodos Se ha utilizado la base de datos Medline/PubMed. Los criterios de búsqueda reunieron tres elementos fundamentales: levetiracetam, dolor neuropático y pacientes. Se han identificado los estudios hasta el 31 de enero de 2011. Los estudios seleccionados se sometieron a un análisis de calidad según la escala Physiotherapy Evidence Database (0-10).
Resultados Se seleccionaron tres series de casos, dos estudios pilotos abiertos y no controlados y cuatro ensayos clínicos aleatorizados (ECA). Sólo los ECA reunieron criterios de calidad aceptables. La etiología del dolor neuropático era diferente en los distintos ECA analizados. El levetiracetam mostró eficacia en el tratamiento del dolor neuropático en los estudios con calidad metodológica baja (series de casos y estudios pilotos) y en un ECA dirigido a pacientes con dolor neuropático central debido a esclerosis múltiple.
Conclusiones Hay escasos ensayos clínicos de calidad metodológica alta que evalúen la eficacia del levetiracetam en el tratamiento del dolor neuropático y la mayoría de ellos no demuestra beneficio en relación con el placebo.