Intracerebral neurenteric cysts in newborn infants
*Correspondencia: Dra. Paloma Pulido Rivas. Unidad de Neurocirugía. Hermosilla, 31, 5.º ext. izq. E-28001 Madrid.
E-mail: ppulido@neurorgs.com
Introduction: Intracranial neurenteric cysts are very infrequent congenital lesions. Within the nervous system, they are most commonly located in the rachis. Another frequent site is the craniocervical junction. Few cases of supratentorial location have been reported. A differential diagnosis is required to distinguish them from other cysts. They are not often diagnosed in the paediatric age. The clinical features they give rise to are due to the mass effect or episodes of chemical meningitis. Magnetic resonance imaging is the best diagnostic method although on many occasions they cannot be distinguished from arachnoid cysts. Treatment consists in surgery with complete resection of the membranes in order to prevent recurrences.
Case reports: We report two cases of infants who, in the last weeks of gestation, presented supratentorial intracerebral cystic lesions that resembled arachnoid cysts. A neonatal magnetic resonance scan confirmed the existence of such supratentorial cysts with septae inside them. After presenting an increase in the cranial perimeter, surgical treatment was undertaken with a neuronavigation-guided craniotomy and debridement of the cysts. The cysts contain mucus and have thick membranes. Pathological study results are consistent with a neurenteric cyst. One of the patients presented complete resolution after the intervention with good cerebral expansion. In the second case, there was persistence of an adjoining arachnoid cyst, in which placement of a cyst-peritoneal shunt was necessary with full resolution.
Conclusions: Most intracranial cysts are arachnoid cysts, but there are other cystic lesions that must be treated by surgical means so that they can be completely excised and sent for pathological analyses.
Casos clínicos Presentamos dos casos de lactantes que, en las últimas semanas de gestación, mostraron lesiones quísticas intracerebrales supratentoriales con aspecto de quiste aracnoideo. La resonancia magnética neonatal confirmó la existencia de dichos quistes supratentoriales con tabiques en su interior. Tras presentar un aumento del perímetro craneal se realizó el tratamiento quirúrgico con craneotomía guiada por neuronavegador y desbridamiento de los quistes. El contenido de los quistes era mucoso con gruesas membranas. El estudio anatomopatológico resultó compatible con el quiste neuroentérico. Uno de los pacientes presentó una resolución completa tras la cirugía, con buena expansión cerebral. En el segundo, persistió un quiste aracnoideo anexo, en el que fue preciso colocar una derivación cistoperitoneal, con resolución completa.
Conclusiones La mayoría de los quistes intracraneales se corresponden con quistes aracnoideos, pero existen otras lesiones quísticas que deben tratarse quirúrgicamente para su resección completa y estudio anatomopatológico.