Changes in verbal and nonverbal memory associated with bilateral hippocampal electrode implantation for epilepsy surgery
*Correspondencia: Dr. Julián Carvajal Castrillón. Instituto Neurológico de Colombia. Calle 55, n.º. 46-36. Medellín, Colombia.
Fax: (574) 513 30 16.
E-mail: julian.carvajal@neurologico.org.co
Introduction: An appropriate localization of ictal onset zone in refractory temporal lobe epilepsy favors an adequate outcome associated with surgical treatment. When video-electroencephalogram (video-EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging do not provide accurate data to locate ictal onset zone, the use of subdural or deep intracranial electrodes is indicated. Hippocampal electrode placement could generate functional changes in an unaffected hippocampus.
Aim: To describe mnesic changes in patients admitted for epilepsy surgery, with previous bilateral hippocampal implantation using depth electrodes.
Patients and methods: We identified eight patients undergoing video-EEG using bilateral hippocampal electrodes. Verbal and nonverbal mnesic performance was evaluated before/after the procedure. The following aspects were considered for the analysis: memory lateralization according to intracarotid amobarbital test (Wada test), invasive ictal onset zone, side of resection and pattern of electrocorticographic dissemination.
Results: In patients with memory dominance, contralateral to the ictal onset zone, there was an improvement in verbal and nonverbal memory, suggesting that invasive recordings did not impair mnesic skills of the unaffected hippocampus. In patients with bilateral representation of memory, ipsilateral mnesic impairment was associated with the resection. Contralateral improvement in memory was seen when the right side was resected, as opposed to no changes with resections made on the left side, indicating that electrode implantation of unaffected hippocampus did not generate a functional decline.
Conclusions: Based on the preservation of verbal and nonverbal memory after depth electrode placement, invasive recordings of the hippocampus seem to be safe.
Objetivo Describir posibles cambios mnésicos en pacientes sometidos a cirugía, con previa implantación de electrodos hipocampales bilaterales.
Pacientes y métodos Se seleccionaron ocho pacientes sometidos a video-EEG con electrodos hipocampales bilaterales. Se evaluó el desempeño mnésico verbal y no verbal antes y después, teniendo en cuenta para el análisis la lateralización de la memoria según la prueba de amobarbital intracarotídeo, zona de inicio ictal invasiva, lado de la resección y patrón de diseminación electrocorticográfico.
Resultados En pacientes con dominancia en la memoria contralateral a la zona de inicio ictal invasiva, se observó mejoría en la memoria verbal y no verbal, lo que sugiere que el registro invasivo no deterioró las habilidades mnésicas del hipocampo sano. Pacientes con representación bilateral de memoria experimentan deterioro mnésico ipsilateral a la cirugía, con mejoría en la memoria contralateral cuando la cirugía es derecha y preservación de ésta cuando es izquierda, lo que indica que la implantación del electrodo en el hipocampo sano no generó un deterioro funcional.
Conclusiones El registro invasivo en los hipocampos es seguro en cuanto a la preservación de la memoria verbal y no verbal.