Indication of magnetic resonance imaging in cases of headaches in adults: results following the RAND/UCLA appropriateness method
*Correspondencia: Dr. Eduardo Millán Ortuondo. Subdirección de Asistencia Sanitaria. Osakidetza-Servicio Vasco de Salud. Álava, 45. E-01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz (Álava).
E-mail: eduardo.millanortuondo@osakidetza.net
INTRODUCTION. The number of requests for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in healthcare systems is continually on the rise. An MRI scan of the head is one of the most frequent locations, which if used inappropriately entails a loss of resources. Consequently, guidelines are needed to help the physician make decisions and allow better management of resources.
AIM. To establish the key indications of MRI scans in cases of adults with headache. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The RAND/UCLA appropriateness method was used, that is, following a systematic review, a list of possible indications of MRI in cases of headache was drawn up. This list was then assessed by a panel of experts and given a score between 1 ('totally inappropriate') and 9 ('totally appropriate'). An initial round of scoring was carried out online, the results were then discussed at a face-to-face meeting of the experts and finally another online round was undertaken. MRI was considered appropriate in each indication if the mean score was 6.5 or higher and there was agreement among the experts (using the IPRAS index).
RESULTS. MRI scanning was considered appropriate in cases of: new headache, new headache in immunodeficient patients, sudden intense headache, headache with focal neurological symptoms, postural headache, headache due to physical effort or Valsalva manoeuvres, suspected thrombosis in the venous sinuses, systemic involvement, progressive headache, headache in pregnancy, autonomic trigeminal headache or severe cranial traumatic injury with focus.
CONCLUSIONS. It seems that indication can be summed up in headaches with a suspected secondary pathology. The methodology employed makes it possible to establish MRI indications that can be useful both in clinical practice and for healthcare management practitioners.
Objetivo Establecer las principales indicaciones de RM en los casos de cefalea en adultos.
Materiales y métodos Se utilizó el método de uso apropiado RAND/UCLA: tras una revisión sistemática se elaboró un listado con posibles indicaciones de RM ante cefalea que un panel de expertos puntuó del 1 (‘totalmente inapropiado’) al 9 (‘totalmente apropiado’). Se realizó una primera ronda de puntuación online, luego se presentaron y se discutieron los resultados en una reunión presencial y se emprendió una ronda final online. La RM se consideró apropiada en cada indicación si la puntuación mediana era de 6,5 o mayor y había acuerdo (empleando el índice IPRAS).
Resultados La RM se consideró apropiada ante: nueva cefalea, nueva cefalea en paciente inmunodeprimido, cefalea intensa súbita, cefalea con sintomatología neurológica focal, cefalea postural, cefalea por esfuerzo físico o maniobras de Valsalva, sospecha de trombosis del seno venoso, afectación sistémica, cefalea progresiva, cefalea en embarazada, cefalalgia trigeminal autonómica o traumatismo craneal grave con focalidad.
Conclusiones La indicación parece resumirse en cefaleas con sospecha de patología secundaria. La metodología empleada permite establecer indicaciones de RM que pueden ser de utilidad tanto para el clínico como para el gestor sanitario.