Arterial pathology in migraine: endothelial dysfunction and structural changes in the brain and systemic vasculature
*Correspondencia: Dra. Davinia Larrosa Campo. Área de Neurociencias. Servicio de Neurología. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias. Avda. Roma, s/n. E-33011 Oviedo (Asturias).
E-mail: davinialc@gmail.com
Introduction: The pathophysiology underlying the association between migraine and other non-atherosclerotic vascular diseases is largely unknown. Endothelial dysfunction has been proposed as a common link. Besides, endothelial dysfunction is considered as a predictor of structural changes in the arterial walls.
Aim: To review the current knowledge about the functional (endothelial dysfunction) and structural (arterial stiffness and atherosclerotic diseases) arterial properties associated with migraine.
Development: Studies of biological markers of endothelial dysfunction in peripheral blood, systemic and cerebral vasoreactivity, arterial stiffness indexes and direct visualization of macroscopic changes in the arterial wall have shown differences between patients with and without migraine, as well as between the different migraine subtypes.
Conclusions: Endothelial dysfunction, as a predictor of structural changes in arteries, has been proposed as an early marker for vascular pathology associated with migraine. In migraine patients there is an increase of biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction, but the correlation with vasoreactivity studies does not allow definite conclusions. Available data do not allow to conclude that migraine is associated with macroscopic alterations outside the cerebral arterial bed.
Objetivo Revisar el conocimiento actual acerca de las alteraciones funcionales (disfunción endotelial) y estructurales (rigidez arterial y cambios ateroescleróticos) del lecho arterial asociadas a la migraña.
Desarrollo Estudios de marcadores biológicos de disfunción endotelial en sangre periférica, vasorreactividad sistémica y cerebral, cálculo de índices de rigidez arterial y visualización directa de cambios macroscópicos en la pared arterial han mostrado diferencias entre pacientes con y sin migraña, así como entre los distintos subtipos de migraña.
Conclusiones La disfunción endotelial, como precursora de cambios estructurales a nivel arterial, se postula como sustrato de la patología vascular asociada a la migraña. La alteración de marcadores biológicos es sugestiva de disfunción endotelial en los pacientes con migraña; sin embargo, la correlación con estudios de vasorreactividad no permite establecer conclusiones definitivas. Los datos disponibles no permiten concluir que la migraña se asocie con alteraciones macroscópicas fuera del lecho arterial cerebral.