Music therapy as a non-pharmacological treatment in Alzheimer's disease. A systematic review
*Correspondencia: Dra. Natalia García Casares. Departamento de Medicina. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Málaga. Boulevard Louis Pasteur, 32. E-29071 Málaga.
E-mail: nagcasares@uma.es
Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease which involves, among other manifestations, a progressive deterioration of memory and language, as well as behavioral disorders. In addition to non-curative pharmacological therapies, for the last years, music therapy has been developed as an effective non-pharmacological therapy in order to relieve many of these manifestations.
Aim: To analyze the recent scientific evidence about the effect of music therapy on cognitive and behavioral symptoms in patients with AD.
Patients and methods: A systematic review has been carried out by means of a bibliographical research using the database PubMed and Science Direct. The key words used for this search were 'Alzheimer's disease' and 'music therapy', as well as the boolean operator 'AND'. We selected those publications between January 2006 and December 2016 and after inclusion criteria, 21 publications were selected.
Results: This systematic review has demonstrated the beneficial impact of music therapy on cognition (memory, attention, language), emotion and behavior (anxiety, depression and agitation) in AD patients.
Conclusions: Music therapy constitutes a non-pharmacological therapy effective for some cognitive, emotional and behavioral symptoms in patients with AD. However, further investigations and more evidence in this field are needed to claim conclusively the impact of music therapy on this disease.
Objetivo Analizar la evidencia científica reciente sobre el efecto de la musicoterapia en los síntomas cognitivos y conductuales en pacientes con EA.
Pacientes y métodos Se ha realizado una revisión sistemática mediante una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos PubMed y Science Direct, empleando como palabras clave Alzheimers disease y music therapy, y el operador booleano AND. Se consideraron los trabajos publicados entre enero de 2006 y diciembre de 2016 y, tras los criterios de inclusión, se seleccionaron 21 estudios.
Resultados Esta revisión sistemática demuestra el efecto beneficioso de la musicoterapia sobre el estado cognitivo (memoria, atención, lenguaje), emocional y conductual (ansiedad, depresión y agitación) de los pacientes con EA.
Conclusiones La musicoterapia constituye una terapia no farmacológica eficaz para determinados síntomas cognitivos, emocionales y conductuales de pacientes con EA. No obstante, se necesitan más investigaciones en este campo para poder definir de forma más concluyente el efecto que produce la musicoterapia en esta patología.