Ivermectin as an adjunct in the treatment of refractory epilepsy
*Correspondencia: Dr. Jesús Alberto Diazgranados Sánchez. Neurólogos de Occidente SAS. Calle 5B5. N38-38. Santiago de Cali, Valle, Colombia.
E-mail: dirmedica@neurologosdeoccidente.com
Introduction: Ivermectin, a 22'23 dihydro derivative of avermectins beta-1a, is a highly effective veterinary and human anti parasitic, used to treat endoparasites of difficult control such as filariasis and onchocerciasis, with a median plasma life of at least of 16 hours. The recommended therapeutic doses range from 0.05 to 0.40 mg/kg, without undesirable effects or risk to human life. It went from being a great success in animal health to its application in humans, where it has had great impact. Studies in basic sciences have shown that ivermectin has anticonvulsive effects in different epileptic animal models, where five different mechanisms of action have been described.
Patients and methods: Descriptive, prospective observational study, performed between 2013 and 2015, with 32 refractory epileptic patients, who received ivermectin as an a dose of adjunctive treatment of 10 mg/day three or seven times a week, controlled every three months, followed by 12-24 months, without withdrawal of anticonvulsant medications that they received previously.
Results: Progressively, patients entered into crisis control, at the end of the programmed follow-up period, the total percentage of crisis reduction was 97%, of which 57% did not return to crisis from the beginning of treatment, all patients being free of crisis according to International League Against Epilepsy criteria.
Conclusion: Ivermectin has been useful as an adjuvant, achieving a significant decrease in seizures in this group of drug resistant patients.
Pacientes y métodos Estudio descriptivo, observacional prospectivo, realizado entre 2013 y 2015, con 32 pacientes epilépticos refractarios, quienes recibieron ivermectina como tratamiento coadyuvante en dosis de 10 mg/día, tres o siete veces por semana, controlados cada tres meses, seguidos durante 12-24 meses, sin retirada de los medicamentos anticonvulsionantes que recibían previamente.
Resultados Progresivamente, los pacientes entraron en control de las crisis. Al final del período de seguimiento programado, el porcentaje total de reducción de las crisis fue del 97%. El 57% de estos pacientes no volvió a presentar crisis desde el inicio del tratamiento, y todos los pacientes se encontraron libres de crisis según los criterios de la Liga Internacional contra la Epilepsia.
Conclusión La ivermectina ha sido útil como coadyuvante y ha logrado una significativa disminución de crisis en este grupo de pacientes farmacorresistentes.