Bilateral two-stage implantation for deep brain stimulation in the treatment of bilateral idiopathic Parkinson’s disease: clinical outcomes
*Correspondencia: Dra. Cristina V. Torres. Servicio de Neurocirugía. Hospital Universitario La Princesa. Diego de León, 62. E-28006 Madrid.
E-mail: cristinatorresdiaz@yahoo.es
Aims: Simultaneous bilateral implantation of electrodes in the subthalamic nucleus for idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) is associated with long surgery time, language disorders and post-operative confusion. Moreover, there is evidence of ipsilateral improvement after stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus. In order to optimise perioperative management a prospective study is conducted with deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the subthalamic nucleus in two consecutive unilateral procedures.
Patients and methods: We conducted a prospective study of 41 patients with bilateral IPD, with DBS implantation in two unilateral surgical phases. Its clinical outcomes are analysed according to the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), the Hoehn and Yahr, and the Schwab and England scales, together with their complications.
Results: The mean age was 61 ± 7 years old, 23 males. Five patients (12%) did not undergo surgery of the contralateral subthalamic nucleus due to good control. The mean on the motor UPDRS and the Hoehn and Yahr in preoperative pharmacological off was 44 ± 14 and 3, respectively, and 19 ± 8 and 1.8 at six months' follow-up. The mean improvement on the Schwab and England scale in the pre-operative period and at six months was 39%. Two patients suffered post-operative confusion, and one of them had transient dysarthria.
Conclusions: Bilateral DBS in two unilateral stages was an effective option with few complications in our series of patients with IPD. 10% of the patients did not require contralateral electrodes. It would be necessary to conduct a randomised study in patients who underwent bilateral surgery in one and two stages in order to confirm these results.
Pacientes y métodos Estudio prospectivo de 41 pacientes con EPI bilateral, con implantación de ECP en dos fases quirúrgicas unilaterales. Se analizan sus resultados clínicos según las escalas Unified Parkinsons Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Hoehn y Yahr, y Schwab y England, así como sus complicaciones.
Resultados La edad media fue de 61 ± 7 años, 23 hombres. Cinco pacientes (12%) no fueron intervenidos del núcleo subtalámico contralateral por buen control. La media en la UPDRS motora y la Hoehn y Yahr en off farmacológico preoperatorio fue de 44 ± 14 y 3, respectivamente, y de 19 ± 8 y 1,8 a los seis meses de seguimiento. La mejoría media en la escala de Schwab y England en el preoperatorio y a los seis meses fue del 39%. Dos pacientes tuvieron confusión postoperatoria, y uno, disartria transitoria.
Conclusiones La ECP bilateral en dos etapas unilaterales fue una opción eficaz y con escasas complicaciones en nuestra serie de pacientes con EPI. El 10% de los pacientes no precisó electrodos contralaterales. Sería necesario un estudio aleatorizado en pacientes sometidos a cirugía bilateral en uno y dos tiempos para confirmar estos resultados.