INTRODUCTION The synoptic gospels tell about a man who cannot extend his hand, that appeared dried. The description is consistent with radial palsy. Christian artists depicted this gospel story producing a rich material, unexplored from the medical point of view.
AIM To analyze the mentioned iconography verifying the depicted lesions and their possible causes.
DEVELOPMENT. Six representations of the evangelical text pertaining to the period comprehended between 10th and 17th centuries were selected. Four belong to illuminated gospels, one is a mosaic and the other one is a fresco. In three of them the figure with the palsy hand appeared holding the affected member with the opposite hand; another one has a foot drop. The description of postures that are characteristic of extensor palsies points out that these artists must have known real patients. Saturnism, frequent in Europe during the period in which these works were created, was probably the cause of the paralysis in these cases. Another hypothesis was that the artists could have suffered themselves saturnism, caused by manipulating paints with high lead content; this could not be confirmed.
CONCLUSIONS The iconographies of the man with the withered hand are realistic representations of motor paralysis consistent with saturnine neuropathy. These works preceded for a long time the best medical descriptions of such condition.
Objetivo Analizar la iconografía en cuestión, verificando las lesiones que reproduce y sus posibles causas.
Desarrollo Se seleccionaron seis representaciones: cuatro pertenecen a evangelios iluminados, una es un mosaico y otra, un fresco. En tres, la mano está péndula, y en otra sólo los dedos se ven flexionados. En tres, el brazo afectado aparece sostenido por la mano contralateral. La descripción de signos y posturas propias de pacientes con distintos grados de parálisis extensoras revela que los iluminadores conocieron enfermos reales. El saturnismo, frecuente en Europa durante el período en que se produjeron estas obras, parece la causa más probable. La hipótesis de que los mismos artistas pudieron haberse intoxicado por manipular pinturas con plomo no pudo confirmarse.
Conclusiones Las representaciones de la perícopa el hombre de la mano seca retratan con realismo distintos grados de parálisis motora consistentes con saturnismo. Desde esta perspectiva, pueden considerarse como las primeras imágenes de dicha entidad, cuyas mejores descripciones médicas llegarían únicamente siglos más tarde.