Model of executive functions based on factorial analyses in child and school populations: a meta-analysis
*Correspondencia: Dr. Javier Tirapu Ustárroz. Fundación Argibide. Iturrama, 7. E-31007 Pamplona (Navarra).
E-mail: javitirapu@ono.com
Introduction: Executive functions are defined as a set of skills that are involved in various activities which are novel to the individual and which require a creative solution. It is not easy or straight forward to conceptualise or identify the factors that make up a population of young children.
Aim: To analyse the components of executive function due to the clinical implications in different neurodevelopmental disorders in a population-based sample of young children.
Development: From the body of literature, 35 published papers that used different factor analysis approaches for factor extraction were reviewed. The probability of a study with three factors being undertaken in the stage between 0 to 12 years is 1.44 times higher than studies being undertaken with some focus on another structure. The probability of a study being undertaken that focuses on the Flexibility dimension in the stage between 0 to 12 years is 1.45 times higher than a study being undertaken that focuses on any other dimension. The association between the different structures and dimensions that are analysed with respect to age using the Kendall tau-b indicates a statistically significant association between: studies with three factors and age (tau = 0.29; p = 0.044) and flexibility with age (tau = 0.37; p = 0.012).
Conclusions: The diversity of the obtained results can be attributed to, and is in line with, the plurality of theoretical conceptualisations, tests used and statistical analyzes carried out. It can be concluded that working memory, inhibition and flexibility are the executive processes most commonly found in the factorial models of executive control in young children and adolescents.
Objetivo Analizar la estructura y los componentes de la función ejecutiva en población preescolar y escolar.
Desarrollo Se revisaron 35 artículos que utilizan diferentes enfoques de análisis factoriales para la extracción de los factores. La probabilidad de ocurrencia de un estudio con tres factores en la etapa de 0 a 12 años es 1,44 veces superior a la de los estudios que se centran en otra estructura. La probabilidad de ocurrencia de un estudio que se centra en la dimensión de flexibilidad en la etapa de 0 a 12 años es 1,45 veces superior a la presencia de un estudio que se centra en cualquier otra dimensión. La asociación entre las diferentes estructuras y dimensiones analizadas con la edad con tau-b de Kendall indica una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre estudios con tres factores y edad (tau = 0,29; p = 0,044) y flexibilidad con la edad (tau = 0,37; p = 0,012).
Conclusiones La diversidad de resultados obtenidos puede atribuirse y está en consonancia con la pluralidad de conceptualizaciones teóricas, pruebas empleadas y análisis estadísticos efectuados. Se puede concluir que actualización/memoria de trabajo, inhibición y flexibilidad son los procesos ejecutivos más comúnmente encontrados en los modelos factoriales de control ejecutivo en niños de preescolar y escolar.