Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy type 6. Clinical and neuroimaging key features in the detection of a new case
*Correspondencia: Dr. Jesús Eirís Puñal. Servicio de Neuropediatría. Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela. Travesa da Choupana, s/n. E-15706 Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña).
E-mail: eirisjm@yahoo.es
Introduction: Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy-6 is a rare and early onset neurodegenerative disease which entails a clinical pattern of pyramidal-extrapyramidal and cerebellar involvement and it comes with a neuroimaging consisting of hypomielination, cerebellar hypoplasia and specific abnormalities in basal ganglia, particularly the absence or nearly absence of putamen and the possible loss of caudate's volume. It is due to an alteration in tubulin and it is determined by mutations in heterocygosis in TUBB4A gene, showing complete penetrance.
Case report: An 8-year-old child with history of delayed motor development, tremor, dysathria, ataxia, nystagmus, cognitive deficit and dystonia with pattern of hypomielination, vermis hypoplasia and absence of putamen. These findings, although distinctive, had been underestimated in previous evaluations and their detection determined the analyse and identification of a pathogenic variant in TUBB4A gene.
Conclusions: Progressive deterioration leads the patient to total dependence or death in infancy or youth and there is no specific treatment capable of modifying its natural course.
Caso clínico Niño de 8 años con clínica de retraso de la marcha, temblor, disartria, ataxia, nistagmo, afectación cognitiva y distonía, con un patrón de hipomielinización, hipoplasia vermiana y ausencia del putamen. Estos hallazgos, aunque distintivos, habían sido infraestimados en valoraciones previas y su objetivación conllevó el análisis y la identificación de una variante patógena en el gen TUBB4A.
Conclusiones El deterioro progresivo lleva al paciente a la dependencia total o el fallecimiento en la infancia o la juventud, y no existe tratamiento específico capaz de modificar su curso natural.