Metronidazole-induced encephalopathy: description of a case with radiological and anatomopathological findings
Correspondencia: Dr. Álvaro Rojo López. Servicio de Neurología. Hospital Universitario Río Hortega. Dulzaina, 12. E-47012 Valladolid.
E-mail: lacayo.tosilos@gmail.com
Introduction: Metronidazole is a widely known and used antibiotic. In exceptional cases, an encephalopathy with characteristic lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), usually located in the cerebellum and splenium of the corpus callosum, may be an adverse effect. The incidence and pathogenesis are unknown. The suspension of the treatment usually resolves the symptoms and normalizes the MRI in a few weeks. Due to the usual good prognosis, the anatomopathological findings are exceptional. We present a clinical case with the radiological findings suggestive of metronidazole-induced encephalopathy and, exceptionally, we provide the anatomopathological findings.
Case report: A 72 years-old woman with severe Crohn's disease who, months after starting treatment with metronidazole, presented a slowly progressing bradypsychia and difficulty walking until she came to coma. In MRI it showed hyperintense images in T2 in the corpus callosum, red and dentate nuclei. He improved by stopping metronidazole but later developed sepsis and died. At autopsy, softening of the red nucleus was observed and, microscopically, cell necrosis and demyelination.
Conclusion: With the publication of the clinical, radiological and anatomopathological information of our case we intend to promote the knowledge of this infrequent treatable cause of subacute encephalopathy and provide data that help to clarify its pathogenesis.
Caso clínico Mujer de 72 años, con enfermedad de Crohn grave, que meses más tarde de iniciar tratamiento con metronidazol presentó de forma lentamente progresiva bradipsiquia y dificultad para caminar hasta llegar al coma. En la resonancia magnética mostraba características imágenes hiperintensas en T2 en el cuerpo calloso, y los núcleos rojos y dentados. Mejoró al suspender el metronidazol, pero posteriormente desarrolló una sepsis y falleció. En la autopsia se observó reblandecimiento del núcleo rojo y, microscópicamente, necrosis celular y desmielinización.
Conclusión Con la publicación de la información clínica, radiológica y anatomopatológica de este caso se pretende fomentar el conocimiento de esta infrecuente causa tratable de encefalopatía subaguda y aportar datos que ayuden a aclarar su patogenia.