Plasma determination of neurofilaments as biomarkers in multiple sclerosis: conclusions of the EMotion Forum
*Correspondencia: Dr. José E. Meca-Lallana. CSUR Esclerosis Múltiple y Unidad de Neuroinmunología Clínica. Servicio de Neurología. Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. IMIB-Arrixaca. Ctra. Madrid- Cartagena, s/n. E-30120 El Palmar, Murcia. E-mail: pmecal@gmail.com
Introduction: In the management of multiple sclerosis (MS) there is still a need to identify biomarkers of disease progression, and clinical and subclinical activity. Among them, determination of neurofilament light chain plasma levels (NfL-PM) has shown a possible correlation with clinical course and assessment of therapeutic response in MS patients. However, the determination of NfL-PM has to overcome several obstacles that hinder its integration into healthcare practice, such as the absence of normalised values and standardised protocols.
Aim: This article has two main aims: a) to review the evidence on the usefulness of NfL in clinical practice as biomarkers of neurodegeneration and inflammation in MS, and b) to pool the conclusions from a forum of MS experts gathered to discuss the usefulness and applicability of NfL-PM determination in Spain (EMotion Forum 2020).
Development: NfL-PM seems particularly useful in determining subclinical activity in MS and offers the possibility of identifying populations at risk of developing MS, such as cases of radiologically isolated syndrome. Issues such as the monitoring of induction disease-modifying drugs or the assessment of suboptimal responses for the withdrawal of ineffective disease-modifying drugs should be considered.
Conclusions: The experts agreed on the diagnostic and prognostic potential of NfL-PM determination and that its usefulness in MS can contribute to the general development of the technique.
Objetivo Este trabajo tiene un doble objetivo: a) revisar la evidencia sobre la utilidad en la práctica clínica de los NfL como biomarcadores de neurodegeneración e inflamación en la EM y b) recoger las conclusiones de un foro de expertos en EM reunidos para debatir sobre la utilidad y aplicabilidad de la determinación de NfL-PM en España (Foro EMotion 2020).
Desarrollo Los NfL-PM parecen particularmente útiles a la hora de determinar la actividad subclínica en la EM y ofrecen la posibilidad de identificar poblaciones con riesgo de desarrollo de EM, como los casos de síndrome radiológico aislado. Se deben considerar aspectos como la monitorización de fármacos modificadores de la enfermedad de inducción o la valoración de respuestas subóptimas para retirar fármacos modificadores de la enfermedad poco eficaces.
Conclusiones Los especialistas coincidieron en el potencial diagnóstico y pronóstico de la determinación de NfL-PM y en que su utilidad en la EM puede contribuir al desarrollo general de la técnica.