Ischaemic or transient attack? Magnetic resonance imaging in transient ischaemic attack: a review of 106 cases
*Correspondencia: Dr. A. C. Novo. Hospital Universitario de Cabueñes. Paseo de los Prados, 395. E-33394 Gijón, Asturias.
E-mail: azael.cordero@sespa.es
Introduction: Transient ischaemic attack (TIA) has classically been defined as an episode of self-limited focal neurological deficit lasting up to 24 hours, with no neuroimaging evidence of established acute ischaemic injury. However, the definition of this entity is changing, and is adapting to new times and new diagnostic techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion sequences. An early and comprehensive approach to TIA, including MRI, is important to rule out clinically recovered established ischaemic strokes, in order to optimise the diagnostic and therapeutic management of patients.
Patients and methods: Patients admitted to our stroke unit over a six-month period with suspected TIA were identified, and the definitive diagnosis and approach was studied based on the tests performed.
Results: A sample of 106 suspected cases of TIA were studied, in which early MRI was performed. Of these, 42 (39.62%) were clinically recovered ischaemic strokes (CRIS); 32 (30.18%), other pathologies (six epileptic seizures, five migraine auras, nine functional disorders, two amyloid spells and nine other causes, totalling 31); 26 (24.52%), TIAs; and six (5.66%), haemorrhagic stroke. Of 43 CRIS, eight (18.6%) were cardioembolic; eight (18.6%), atherothrombotic; eight (18.6%), embolic stroke of unknown origin; six (13.95%), lacunar stroke; five (11.62%) of infrequent cause; and four (9.3%), totalling 39, of undetermined cause. CRIS patients received significantly more individualised therapeutic management than TIA patients.
Conclusions: The early use of MRI in the clinical suspicion of TIA makes it possible to gather evidence of CRIS and optimises the diagnostic and therapeutic approach for patients.
Pacientes y métodos Se identificó a los pacientes ingresados en un período de seis meses como sospecha de AIT en nuestra unidad de ictus, y se estudió el diagnóstico definitivo y su abordaje basándose en las pruebas realizadas.
Resultados Se estudiaron 106 sospechas de AIT en las que se realizó una RM precoz. De ellas, 43 (40,57%) fueron ictus isquémicos clínicamente recuperados (IICR); 31 (29,24%), otras patologías (nueve trastornos funcionales, seis crisis epilépticas, cinco auras migrañosas, dos amyloid spells y nueve otras causas); 26 (24,52%), AIT; y seis (5,66%), ictus hemorrágicos. De 43 IICR, ocho (18,6%) fueron cardioembólicos; ocho (18,6%), aterotrombóticos; ocho (18,6%), ictus embólico de origen desconocido; seis (13,95%), lacunares; cinco (11,62%) de causa infrecuente; cuatro (9,3%) microangiopáticos y cuatro (9,3%), de causa indeterminada. Los IICR recibieron un manejo terapéutico significativamente más individualizado respecto a los pacientes con AIT.
Conclusiones El uso de RM precoz en la sospecha clínica de AIT permite evidenciar la existencia de IICR y optimizar el abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico de los pacientes.