Epilepsy and musical perception. A perspective involving 14 patients
*Correspondencia: Dr. Alejandro Fernández Cabrera. Servicio de Neurología. Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti. Rúa Dr. Ulises Romero, 1. E-27003 Lugo. E-mail: Alejandrofcab@gmail.com
Introduction: The relationship between epilepsy and music is poorly understood. Musicogenic epilepsy, which involves seizures triggered by music, and epilepsy that triggers or involves musical experiences are rare. Anti-seizure medications (ASMs) may affect cognition and possibly the musical sphere. The relationship between epilepsy, ASMs and music perception is insufficiently investigated in the literature. This study describes the clinical characteristics of patients with epilepsy with advanced musical knowledge, and aims to understand the disease's involvement in the musical sphere.
Patients and methods: A qualitative study was conducted in epileptic patients with musical knowledge, investigating their musical perception before and after a diagnosis of epilepsy and after a change of ASM when this was possible. Questionnaires and recordings of music were used to assess musical perception.
Results: Fourteen patients had musical knowledge, and the majority of these (50%) had temporal lobe epilepsy. A total of 92.8% of the patients stated that epilepsy or its medications had affected them in the musical sphere. There was no clear relationship between the lateralisation of the epilepsy and musical involvement. 42.9% were professional musicians, and had to give up their profession. The patients prescribed with more than one ASM had greater musical involvement.
Conclusions: Temporal lobe epilepsy appears to have the greatest effect on music perception, and more studies with ASM and music perception are needed to determine its effects.
Pacientes y métodos Se llevó a cabo un estudio cualitativo en pacientes epilépticos con conocimientos musicales, investigando su percepción musical antes y después del diagnóstico de epilepsia y, cuando fue posible, tras el cambio de MAC. Se utilizaron cuestionarios y grabaciones musicales para evaluar la percepción musical.
Resultados Catorce pacientes tenían conocimientos musicales, la mayoría (50%) con epilepsia del lóbulo temporal. Un 92,8% de los pacientes indicó que la epilepsia o sus medicamentos le habían afectado en la esfera musical. No había una clara relación entre lateralización de la epilepsia y afectación musical. Un 42,9% eran músicos profesionales y tuvieron que dejar la profesión. Los pacientes con más de un MAC pautado tenían mayor afectación musical.
Conclusiones La epilepsia del lóbulo temporal parece ser la que más afecta a la percepción musical, y hacen falta más estudios con MAC y percepción musical para dilucidar sus efectos.