Pre-hospital and hospital treatment of febrile seizures
*Correspondencia: Dra. Núria Visa Reñé. Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Lleida. Av. Rovira Roure, 80. E-25198 Lleida. E-mail: nvrene.lleida.ics@gencat.cat
Introduction: Given that febrile seizures are a common reason for both hospital and pre-hospital visits to physicians, and in the absence of a clear consensus on guidelines for treatment, especially for complex febrile seizures (CFS), we aim to examine their characteristics and treatment in order to improve the approach to the issue.
Patients and methods: This is an observational, retrospective, single-centre study including paediatric patients seen after a seizure associated with a febrile illness in the emergency department of a second-level hospital between September 2021 and December 2023. Epidemiological, clinical and treatment variables were collected.
Results: A total of 266 febrile seizures were included in the study: 188 (70.7%) were simple, and 78 (29.3%) were complex. Most benzodiazepines were administered during pre-hospital treatment (82%), and the transmucosal route was used in 70.3% of cases, despite the patient being in a healthcare environment. Complementary tests were performed in 70.6% of cases, blood tests in 65.6%, and nasopharyngeal swabs for viruses in 79.3%. A total of 73.6% of the tests requested were for patients with a focus of the fever.
Conclusions: Extensive use of complementary tests persists, despite the identification of a focus of the fever in most patients. Our results show that systematic complementary tests and the admission of patients who have presented a CFS would not be justified, and each individual case should be considered.
Pacientes y métodos Estudio observacional, retrospectivo y unicéntrico que incluye a pacientes pediátricos que consultaron por una crisis asociada a una enfermedad febril en urgencias de un hospital de segundo nivel entre septiembre de 2021 y diciembre de 2023. Se recogen variables epidemiológicas, clínicas y de tratamiento.
Resultados Se incluyeron 266 crisis febriles: 188 (70,7%) fueron simples, y 78 (29,3%), complejas. Se administraron más benzodiacepinas en el ámbito prehospitalario (82%), y en el 70,3% de los casos se usó la vía transmucosa a pesar de hallarse en un medio sanitario. Se realizaron pruebas complementarias en el 70,6% de los casos, analítica de sangre en el 65,6% y frotis nasofaríngeo para virus en el 79,3%. El 73,6% de las analíticas solicitadas fueron en pacientes con foco de la fiebre.
Conclusiones Persiste un uso elevado de pruebas complementarias a pesar de identificar un foco de la fiebre en gran parte de los pacientes. Según nuestros resultados, podemos aconsejar que no estaría justificada la realización sistemática de pruebas complementarias o el ingreso de los pacientes que han presentado una CFC, y se debe individualizar en cada caso.