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Tics and Gilles de la Tourette syndrome

B. Tijero-Merino, J.C. Gómez-Esteban, J.J. Zarranz [REV NEUROL 2009;48 (Supl. 1):S17-S20] PMID: 19222010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33588/rn.48S01.2008733

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Volumen 48 | Number S01 | Nº of views of the article 10.938 | Nº of PDF downloads 2.567 | Article publication date 23/02/2009

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ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION Tourette syndrome is a neurologic disorder characterized by involuntary vocal and motor tics. It affects around 1 to 2% of school-age children and is the most common movement disorder in paediatric age. Tics are involuntary or semivoluntary, sudden, brief, intermittent, repetitive movements (motor tics) or sounds (phonic tics). It is often associated with psychiatric comorbidities, mainly attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Given its diverse presentation, Tourette’s syndrome can almost mimic many hyperkinetic disorders, making the diagnosis challenging at times. DEVELOPMENT. The etiology of this syndrome is thought to be related to basal ganglia dysfunction and many clues have been pursued, both genetic and environmental factors, but no compelling major contribution to the pathogenesis of the disease has yet emerged. Treatment can be behavioural, pharmacologic, or surgical, and is dictated by the most incapacitating symptoms. Alpha-2-adrenergic agonists are the first line of pharmacologic therapy, but dopamine-receptor-blocking drugs are required for multiple, complex tics. Dopamine-receptor-blocking drugs are associated with potential side effects. CONCLUSION. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment can substantially improve quality of life and psychosocial functioning in affected patients. KeywordsAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)Gilles de la Tourette Neuroleptic drugs Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)PANDAS Tics CategoriesNeuropediatría Neuropsiquiatría

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Tics and Gilles de la Tourette syndrome