Bases of deep brain stimulation
*Correspondencia: Dra. Cristina V. Torres Díaz. Servicio de Neurocirugía. Hospital Universitario La Princesa. Diego de León, 62. E-28006 Madrid.
E-mail: cristinatorresdiaz@yahoo.es
Introduction: Deep brain stimulation is an effective therapy that is being used in an increasing number of indications. The mechanisms by which it exerts its therapeutic effect are still largely unknown, although there is increasing evidence of its influence at various levels.
Aim: To review the existing literature on the mechanism of action of deep brain stimulation.
Development: Deep brain stimulation acts on brain tissue that is stimulated at various levels: molecular, cellular and neural networks. Spatial, temporal and electrical factors are involved in its effectiveness, but it mainly seems to perform its function by replacing anomalous firing patterns, which are present in certain neurological and psychiatric diseases. Other mechanisms, such as neuroprotection or neurogenesis, remain under study.
Conclusions: Although many of the effects by which deep brain stimulation acts on the brain are still unknown, it seems to be a complex treatment, with large-scale effects, in which the correction of circuitopathies seems to prevail as the main mechanism.
Objetivo Revisar la bibliografía existente sobre el mecanismo de acción de la estimulación cerebral profunda.
Desarrollo La estimulación cerebral profunda actúa sobre el tejido cerebral estimulado en varios niveles, molecular, celular y de redes neuronales. En su efectividad intervienen factores espaciales, temporales y eléctricos, pero fundamentalmente parece ejercer su función mediante la sustitución de patrones de disparo anómalos, presentes en ciertas enfermedades neurológicas y psiquiátricas. Otros mecanismos, como la neuroprotección o la neurogénesis, permanecen en estudio.
Conclusiones Aunque aún se desconocen muchos efectos por los cuales la estimulación cerebral profunda actúa en el cerebro, parece un tratamiento complejo, con efectos a gran escala, en los que parece primar la corrección de circuitopatías como mecanismo principal.