New therapeutic approach in Dravet syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome with cannabidiol
*Corresponding author: Dr. Vicente Villanueva. Unidad de Epilepsia Refractaria. Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe. Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106. E-46026 Valencia.
E-mail: villanueva_vichab@gva.es
Introduction: Dravet syndrome (DS) and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) are two serious epileptic syndromes with paediatric onset which are refractory to therapy and are associated with an important increase in mortality rates and comorbidities compared to the general population. These pathologies have a strong impact on the lives of patients and their families, because they undergo multiple pharmacological therapies (many of them without specific indication), with frequent changes due to poor efficacy and associated adverse effects. The specialists who care for these patients highlight unmet needs and the lack of specific, safe and effective treatments for better management of the syndrome.
Development: A group of four neurologists specializing in epilepsy has met to review the scientific literature and evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral solution cannabidiol in the treatment of these syndromes, both in randomized clinical trials (CT) and in some observational studies.
Conclusions: Cannabidiol is positioned as an innovative therapy that allows better control of epileptic seizures and comorbidities of DS and LGS, furthermore its efficacy and safety have been evaluated in more than 700 patients. In CTs, cannabidiol significantly reduced the percentage of convulsive seizures and drop seizures compared to placebo in patients with DS and LGS respectively, which could improve their quality of life and that of their family members. The most frequent adverse effects reported were somnolence and decreased appetite. Elevated liver aminotransferase levels were also reported, especially in patients given concomitant sodium valproate. This therapy may allow better control of the epileptic seizures associated with these syndromes.
Desarrollo Se ha reunido un grupo formado por cuatro neurólogos especialistas en epilepsia para hacer una revisión de la literatura científica y evaluar los resultados de eficacia y seguridad de la solución oral de cannabidiol en el tratamiento de estos síndromes, tanto en ensayos clínicos aleatorizados como en diversos estudios observacionales.
Conclusiones El cannabidiol se sitúa como una terapia innovadora que permite un mejor control de las crisis epilépticas y comorbilidades del SD y el SLG; además, su eficacia y seguridad han sido evaluadas en más de 700 pacientes. En los ensayos clínicos redujo significativamente el porcentaje de crisis convulsivas y de caída en comparación con placebo en los pacientes con SD y SLG, respectivamente, y puede mejorar su calidad de vida y la de sus familiares. Los efectos adversos más frecuentes fueron la somnolencia y la disminución del apetito. También se notificaron niveles elevados de aminotransferasas hepáticas, especialmente en pacientes tratados concomitantemente con ácido valproico. Esta terapia podría permitir un mejor control de las crisis epilépticas asociadas a estas patologías.