Withdrawal and reintroduction of pharmacological treatment of epilepsy in paediatric patients. Our experience
*Correspondencia: Dra. Patricia Morte Coscolín. Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Paseo de Isabel la Católica, 1-3. E-50009 Zaragoza. E-mail: patrimorte4@gmail.com
Introduction: There are many variables to be considered in the withdrawal of treatment for epileptic seizures, which requires a risk-benefit assessment.
Patients and methods: A retrospective study of patients in a neuropaediatric practice who required the reintroduction of treatment for epilepsy after its initial withdrawal, and who continue to receive anti-seizure drugs.
Results: Twenty-three of 57 children whose treatment was withdrawn are currently being administered the treatment as a monotherapy. Attempts at withdrawal were made with 17 patients, with a mean seizure-free period of 26 months; range: 8-47 months (excluding one patient who never stopped presenting seizures). Mean age at the time of the last known data: 16 years; range: 7-28 years. Average time until the first seizure after withdrawal: 12 months; range: 1-82 months. Seizures persist despite the current treatment administered in eight cases. Two or three attempts to withdraw treatment were made in six patients, with a mean seizure-free period of 28.6 months; range: 22-48 months. Mean age at the time of the last known data: 18.68 years; range: 13-37 years. Average time until the first seizure after withdrawal: 8.2 months; range: 1-30 months. They presented seizures after treatment four was reintroduced. 52% of the patients presented seizures while receiving the drug, which was discontinued. The treatment was withdrawn in cases meeting criteria for persistent seizures: three refractory epilepsies, five symptomatic focal epilepsies, four cases with intellectual disability, five adolescent-onset epilepsies, and failures in previous withdrawal in 23 cases and 30 attempts.
Conclusion: The decision to withdraw treatment must be personalised, and consider the risk of relapse, taking into account efficacy and tolerability, and behaviour and neurodevelopment in particular.
Pacientes y métodos Estudio retrospectivo en pacientes de una consulta de neuropediatría que precisaron reintroducir el tratamiento de la epilepsia tras su retirada inicial y continúan con fármacos anticrisis epilépticas.
Resultados De 57 niños a quienes se les retiró el tratamiento, 23 lo llevan actualmente, todos en monoterapia. En 17 se realizó un intento de retirada, con tiempo medio previo sin crisis de 26 meses; rango: 8-47 meses (excluido uno que nunca dejó de presentarlas). Edad media en el momento de los últimos datos conocidos: 16 años; rango: 7-28 años. Tiempo medio hasta nueva crisis tras retirada: 12 meses; rango: 1-82 meses. En ocho casos persisten crisis pese al tratamiento actual. En seis se realizaron 2-3 intentos, con un tiempo medio previo sin crisis de 28,6 meses; rango: 22-48 meses. Edad media en el momento de los últimos datos conocidos: 18,68 años; rango: 13-37 años. Tiempo medio hasta nueva crisis tras retirada: 8,2 meses; rango: 1-30 meses. Presentaron crisis una vez reintroducido el tratamiento cuatro. Había presentado crisis recibiendo el fármaco que se suspendió, el 52%. Se retiró el tratamiento a casos con criterios de persistencia de crisis: tres epilepsias refractarias, cinco focales sintomáticas, cuatro con discapacidad intelectual, cinco epilepsias de inicio en la adolescencia, y en 23 casos y 30 intentos fallidos en la retirada previa.
Conclusión La decisión de retirada debe ser individualizada, conociendo el riesgo de recaída, atendiendo a la eficacia y la tolerabilidad, especialmente el comportamiento y el neurodesarrollo.